{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T17:04:45Z","timestamp":1763744685592},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Pneumocystis<\/jats:named-content>spp. are yeast-like fungi that cause pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) in immunocompromised individuals and exacerbate chronic lung diseases in immunocompetent individuals. The<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Pneumocystis<\/jats:named-content>life cycle includes trophic forms and asci (cyst forms). The cell walls of<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Pneumocystis<\/jats:named-content>asci contain \u03b2-1,3-<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-glucan, and treatment of PcP with \u03b2-1,3-<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-glucan synthase inhibitors, such as anidulafungin, results in depletion of asci, but not trophic forms. The pulmonary host response during immune reconstitution (IR)-mediated clearance of PcP in anidulafungin-treated and untreated mice was characterized to identify ascus-specific responses. During IR, similar numbers of trophic forms were present in the anidulafungin-treated and untreated mice; however, asci were only present in the untreated mice. IR resulted in a significant reduction of trophic forms from the lungs in both groups and asci in the untreated group. The presence of asci in untreated mice correlated with increased \u03b2-glucan content in the lungs. The untreated mice mounted immune responses associated with a deleterious host inflammatory response, including increased CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cell influx and expression of macrophage inflammatory response markers. A more robust cellular response was also observed in the untreated mice, with increased numbers of macrophages and neutrophils that were associated with greater lung damage. Markers of a Th17 response were also elevated in the untreated mice. These results suggest that the host mounts unique responses to asci and trophic forms. That these 2 life cycle stages provoked distinct host response profiles has significant implications for clearance and interpretation of the host immune responses to PcP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01181-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,15]],"date-time":"2013-01-15T04:54:12Z","timestamp":1358225652000},"page":"984-995","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Characterization of a Distinct Host Response Profile to Pneumocystismurina Asci during Clearance of Pneumocystis Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Linke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Ashbaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret S.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keeley","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie T.","family":"Cushion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cincinnati Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000758"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568005014606107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00309-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1991.tb01382.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"131S","article-title":"Assembly of cell wall glucans by Pneumocystis carinii: characterization of the Gsc-1 subunit mediating beta-glucan synthesis","volume":"46","author":"Kottom TJ","year":"1999","unstructured":"KottomTJLimperAH. 1999. Assembly of cell wall glucans by Pneumocystis carinii: characterization of the Gsc-1 subunit mediating beta-glucan synthesis. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 46(Suppl): 131S.","journal-title":"J. Eukaryot. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M002103200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008524"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-11-95"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.1.459"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2004-0300OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M209715200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00498.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"145S","article-title":"Beta-glucan from Pneumocystis carinii stimulates TNF alpha release from alveolar macrophages","volume":"46","author":"Vassallo R","year":"1999","unstructured":"VassalloRStandingJLimperAH. 1999. Beta-glucan from Pneumocystis carinii stimulates TNF alpha release from alveolar macrophages. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 46(Suppl): 145S.","journal-title":"J. Eukaryot. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2011-0159OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb\/9.1.73"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3932","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.9.3932","article-title":"Pneumocystis carinii stimulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha release from alveolar macrophages through a beta-glucan-mediated mechanism","volume":"150","author":"Hoffman OA","year":"1993","unstructured":"HoffmanOAStandingJELimperAH. 1993. Pneumocystis carinii stimulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha release from alveolar macrophages through a beta-glucan-mediated mechanism. J. Immunol. 150:3932\u20133940.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00667.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.7.3755"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis412"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03605.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00249-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/592753"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-1467"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.4.1302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","unstructured":"Reference deleted."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.6.1320"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"6S","article-title":"Yeast glucan of Pneumocystis carinii cyst wall: an excellent target for chemotherapy","volume":"38","author":"Matsumoto Y","year":"1991","unstructured":"MatsumotoYYamadaMAmagaiT. 1991. Yeast glucan of Pneumocystis carinii cyst wall: an excellent target for chemotherapy. J. Protozool. 38:6S\u20137S.","journal-title":"J. Protozool."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"151S","article-title":"Treatment and prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and further elucidation of the P. carinii life cycle with 1,3-beta-glucan synthesis inhibitor L-671,329","volume":"38","author":"Schmatz DM","year":"1991","unstructured":"SchmatzDMPowlesMMcFaddenDCPittarelliLALiberatorPAAndersonJW. 1991. Treatment and prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and further elucidation of the P. carinii life cycle with 1,3-beta-glucan synthesis inhibitor L-671,329. J. Protozool. 38:151S\u2013153S.","journal-title":"J. Protozool."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.44.45"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.15.5950"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.2011.23.6.319"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00151829-200403060-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","volume-title":"Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals","author":"National Research Council","year":"1996","unstructured":"National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. National Academies Press, Washington, DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","unstructured":"Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Animal Welfare Act Regulations. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service US Department of Agriculture Washington DC. http:\/\/www.aphis.usda.gov\/animal_welfare\/index.shtml."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","volume-title":"Public Health Service policy on humane care and use of laboratory animals","author":"National Institutes of Health","year":"2000","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health. 2000. Public Health Service policy on humane care and use of laboratory animals. Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986709788682038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46190-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","first-page":"126S","article-title":"Establishment of Pneumocystis carinii in various mouse strains using natural transmission to initiate infection","volume":"38","author":"McFadden DC","year":"1991","unstructured":"McFaddenDCPowlesMAPittarelliLASchmatzDM. 1991. Establishment of Pneumocystis carinii in various mouse strains using natural transmission to initiate infection. J. Protozool. 38:126S\u2013127S.","journal-title":"J. Protozool."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","volume-title":"The principles of humane experimental technique","author":"Russell WMS","year":"2012","unstructured":"RussellWMSBurchRL. 2012. The principles of humane experimental technique. CAAT, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00202-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030932"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00509.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2011-0154OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/589304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/589305"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2009.01834.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10071"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-02-339812"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315487"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(96)90044-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00668-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.12.5052-5056.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.9.6215"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425912436763"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/740987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00668-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/341974"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.5.2007034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-5-101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70085-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.10.010"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.01181-12","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.01181-12","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T17:52:48Z","timestamp":1687974768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.01181-12"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"L.","family":"Pirofski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.01181-12"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.01181-12","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-10-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-12-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-02-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}