{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T13:52:33Z","timestamp":1790603553074,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Government of Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["311764-2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["311764-2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000032","name":"The Wellcome Trust, UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WT100290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WT100290"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000032","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"The Wellcome Trust, UK","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["WT094757MA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WT094757MA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Mucins secreted by intestinal goblet cells are considered an important component of innate defense in a number of enteric infections, including many parasitic infections, but also likely provide protection against the gut microbiota. Nod proteins are intracellular receptors that play key roles in innate immune response and inflammation. Here, we investigated the role of Nod proteins in regulation of intestinal goblet cell response in naive mice and mice infected with the enteric parasite\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Trichuris muris<\/jats:named-content>\n            . We observed significantly fewer periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-stained intestinal goblet cells and less mucin (Muc2) in Nod1 and Nod2 double-knockout (Nod DKO) mice after\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. muris<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection than in wild-type (WT) mice. Expulsion of parasites from the intestine was significantly delayed in Nod DKO mice. Treatment of naive WT mice with Nod1 and Nod2 agonists simultaneously increased numbers of PAS-stained goblet cells and Muc2-expressing cells, whereas treatment with Nod1 or Nod2 separately had no significant effect. Stimulation of mucin-secreting LS174T cells with Nod1 and Nod2 agonists upregulated core 3 \u03b21,3-\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -acetylglucosaminyltransferase (C3GnT; an important enzyme in mucin synthesis) and MUC2. We also observed lower numbers of PAS-stained goblet cells and less Muc2 in germfree mice. Treatment with Nod1 and Nod2 agonists enhanced the production of PAS-stained goblet cells and Muc2 in germfree mice. These data provide novel information on the role of Nod proteins in goblet cell response and Muc2 production in relation to intestinal innate defense.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01187-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,3]],"date-time":"2015-11-03T03:04:31Z","timestamp":1446519871000},"page":"275-285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["New Role of Nod Proteins in Regulation of Intestinal Goblet Cell Response in the Context of Innate Host Defense in an Enteric Parasite Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Huaqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology &amp; Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janice J.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology &amp; Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Denou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Sharif","family":"Shajib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology &amp; Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Schertzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard K.","family":"Grencis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana J.","family":"Philpott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waliul I.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology &amp; Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.4.589"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1991.260.2.C183"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2001.00353.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000163037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182008004381"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b12-00412"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2012.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061929"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens2010055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2003)089[0188:SIAARF]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000085838"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.01.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"491","article-title":"Microflora of the gastrointestinal tract: a review","volume":"268","author":"Hao WL","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hao WL, Lee YK. 2004. 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