{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:34:01Z","timestamp":1790854441700,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Bartonella quintana<\/jats:italic>\n            is a gram-negative agent of trench fever, chronic bacteremia, endocarditis, and bacillary angiomatosis in humans.\n            <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic>\n            has the highest known hemin requirement among bacteria, but the mechanisms of hemin acquisition are poorly defined. Genomic analyses revealed a potential locus dedicated to\n            <jats:italic>h<\/jats:italic>\n            emin\n            <jats:italic>ut<\/jats:italic>\n            ilization (\n            <jats:italic>hut<\/jats:italic>\n            ) encoding a putative hemin receptor, HutA; a TonB-like energy transducer; an ABC transport system comprised of three proteins, HutB, HutC, and HmuV; and a hemin degradation\/storage enzyme, HemS. Complementation analyses with\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli hemA<\/jats:italic>\n            show that HutA functions as a hemin receptor, and complementation analyses with\n            <jats:italic>E. coli hemA tonB<\/jats:italic>\n            indicate that HutA is TonB dependent. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR analyses show that\n            <jats:italic>hut<\/jats:italic>\n            locus transcription is subject to hemin-responsive regulation, which is mediated primarily by the iron response regulator (Irr). Irr functions as a transcriptional repressor of the\n            <jats:italic>hut<\/jats:italic>\n            locus at all hemin concentrations tested. Overexpression of the ferric uptake regulator (\n            <jats:italic>fur<\/jats:italic>\n            ) represses transcription of\n            <jats:italic>tonB<\/jats:italic>\n            in the presence of excess hemin, whereas overexpression of the rhizobial iron regulator (\n            <jats:italic>rirA<\/jats:italic>\n            ) has no effect on\n            <jats:italic>hut<\/jats:italic>\n            locus transcription. Reverse transcriptase PCR analyses show that\n            <jats:italic>hutA<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>tonB<\/jats:italic>\n            are divergently transcribed and that the remaining\n            <jats:italic>hut<\/jats:italic>\n            genes are expressed as a polycistronic mRNA. Examination of the promoter regions of\n            <jats:italic>hutA<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>tonB<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>hemS<\/jats:italic>\n            reveals consensus sequence promoters that encompass an H-box element previously shown to interact with\n            <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic>\n            Irr.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01194-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,4]],"date-time":"2008-11-04T01:58:59Z","timestamp":1225763939000},"page":"307-316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Function, Regulation, and Transcriptional Organization of the Hemin Utilization Locus of\n            <i>Bartonella quintana<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Nermi L.","family":"Parrow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmin","family":"Abbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda R.","family":"Lockwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Battisti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Minnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199411000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0305659101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Current protocols in molecular biology. 1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00245-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00497-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"731","volume":"1","year":"1996","unstructured":"Beale, S. 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