{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:02:34Z","timestamp":1791295354328,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]],"date-time":"2011-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            AM-19226 is a pathogenic O39 serogroup\n            <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            strain that lacks the typical virulence factors for colonization (toxin-coregulated pilus [TCP]) and toxin production (cholera toxin [CT]) and instead encodes a type III secretion system (T3SS). The mechanism of pathogenesis is unknown, and few effector proteins have been identified. We therefore undertook a survey of the open reading frames (ORFs) within the \u223c49.7-kb T3SS genomic island to identify potential effector proteins. We identified 15 ORFs for their ability to inhibit growth when expressed in yeast and then used a \u03b2-lactamase (TEM1) fusion reporter system to demonstrate that 11 proteins were\n            <jats:italic>bona fide<\/jats:italic>\n            effectors translocated into HeLa cells\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            in a T3SS-dependent manner. One effector, which we named VopX (A33_1663), is conserved only in\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Vibrio parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n            T3SS-positive strains and has not been previously studied. A\n            <jats:italic>vopX<\/jats:italic>\n            deletion reduces the ability of strain AM-19226 to colonize\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            , and the bile-induced expression of a\n            <jats:italic>vopX-lacZ<\/jats:italic>\n            transcriptional fusion\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            is regulated by the T3SS-encoded transcriptional regulators VttR\n            <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n            and VttR\n            <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n            . An\n            <jats:italic>RLM1<\/jats:italic>\n            yeast deletion strain rescued the growth inhibition induced by VopX expression, suggesting that VopX interacts with components of the cell wall integrity mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The collective results show that the\n            <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            T3SS encodes multiple effector proteins, one of which likely has novel activities that contribute to disease via interference with eukaryotic signaling pathways.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01194-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T03:37:51Z","timestamp":1296531471000},"page":"1728-1740","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Identification of\n            <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>\n            Type III Secretion System Effector Proteins"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Ashfaqul","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly A.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mudit","family":"Chaand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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