{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:30:09Z","timestamp":1790469009481,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380585600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by spirochetes of the genus\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Leptospira<\/jats:named-content>\n            . While understanding of pathogenesis remains limited, the development of mutagenesis in\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Leptospira<\/jats:named-content>\n            has provided a powerful tool for identifying novel virulence factors. LruA is a lipoprotein that has been implicated in leptospiral uveitis as a target of the immune response. In this study, two\n            <jats:italic>lruA<\/jats:italic>\n            mutants, M754 and M765, generated by transposon mutagenesis from\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:named-content>\n            serovar Manilae, were characterized. In M754, the transposon inserted in the middle of\n            <jats:italic>lruA<\/jats:italic>\n            , resulting in no detectable expression of LruA. In M765, the transposon inserted toward the 3\u2032 end of the gene, resulting in expression of a truncated protein. LruA was demonstrated to be on the cell surface in M765 and the wild type (WT). M754, but not M765, was attenuated in a hamster model of acute infection. A search for differential binding to human serum proteins identified a serum protein of around 30 kDa bound to the wild type and the LruA deletion mutant (M754), but not to the LruA truncation mutant (M765). Two-dimensional separation of proteins from leptospiral cells incubated with guinea pig serum identified the 28-kDa apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) as a major mammalian serum protein that binds\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Leptospira<\/jats:named-content>\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            . Interestingly, M754 (with no detectable LruA) bound more ApoA-I than did the LruA-expressing strains Manilae wild type and M765. Our data thus identify LruA as a surface-exposed leptospiral virulence factor that contributes to leptospiral pathogenesis, possibly by modulating cellular interactions with serum protein ApoA-I.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01195-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]],"date-time":"2013-08-06T05:35:49Z","timestamp":1375767349000},"page":"3872-3879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Leptospiral LruA Is Required for Virulence and Modulates an Interaction with Mammalian Apolipoprotein AI"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Kunkun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald 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