{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T20:38:23Z","timestamp":1765485503890},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]],"date-time":"2011-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells play a key role in host defense against<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Pneumocystis<\/jats:named-content>infection. To define the role of na\u00efve CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cell production through the thymopoietic response in host defense against<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Pneumocystis<\/jats:named-content>infection,<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Pneumocystis murina<\/jats:named-content>infection in the lung was induced in adult male C57BL\/6 mice with and without prior thymectomy.<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Pneumocystis<\/jats:named-content>infection caused a significant increase in the number of CCR9<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>multipotent progenitor (MPP) cells in the bone marrow and peripheral circulation, an increase in populations of earliest thymic progenitors (ETPs) and double negative (DN) thymocytes in the thymus, and recruitment of na\u00efve and total CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells into the alveolar space. The level of murine signal joint T cell receptor excision circles (msjTRECs) in spleen CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells was increased at 5 weeks post-<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Pneumocystis<\/jats:named-content>infection. In thymectomized mice, the numbers of na\u00efve, central memory, and total CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells in all tissues examined were markedly reduced following<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Pneumocystis<\/jats:named-content>infection. This deficiency of na\u00efve and central memory CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells was associated with delayed pulmonary clearance of<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Pneumocystis<\/jats:named-content>. Extracts of<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Pneumocystis<\/jats:named-content>resulted in an increase in the number of CCR9<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>MPPs in the cultured bone marrow cells. Stimulation of cultured bone marrow cells with ligands to Toll-like receptor 2 ([TLR-2] zymosan) and TLR-9 (ODN M362) each caused a similar increase in CCR9<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>MPP cells via activation of the Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) pathway. These results demonstrate that enhanced production of na\u00efve CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T lymphocytes through the thymopoietic response and enhanced delivery of lymphopoietic precursors from the bone marrow play an important role in host defense against<jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Pneumocystis<\/jats:named-content>infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01213-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,23]],"date-time":"2011-02-23T03:35:53Z","timestamp":1298432153000},"page":"2031-2042","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Thymopoietic and Bone Marrow Response to Murine Pneumocystis Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pulmonary\/Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory D.","family":"Sempowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judd E.","family":"Shellito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pulmonary\/Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35004599"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1392.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni878"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.2.914"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.149.2.269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0603280"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00276-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01756-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2006.22.163"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.10.3702"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01131-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4244","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.10.4244","article-title":"A developmental pathway involving four phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets of CD3\u2212 CD4\u2212 CD8\u2212 triple-negative adult mouse thymocytes defined by CD44 and CD25 expression","volume":"150","author":"Godfrey D. 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