{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T05:47:29Z","timestamp":1791092849712,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Chemokines play key roles in attracting immune cells to sites of infections. However, few data on chemokine expression in the gut during human infections are available. We examined expression of chemokines in intestinal tissues of AIDS patients during active\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n            infection and during resolution of such an infection. The chemokines and cytokines in cell lysates from jejunal biopsy tissues were assayed by a 22-multiplex bead immunoassay. CXCL10 (IP-10) and its receptor, CXCR3, in sections were studied by immunohistochemistry. In biopsies from AIDS patients with active cryptosporidiosis, four chemokines (CXCL10, CCL11 [eotaxin], CCL5 [RANTES], and CCL2 [monocyte chemoattractant protein 1]) and three cytokines (interleukin-1\u03b1 [IL-1\u03b1], IL-10, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) were detected. The level of CXCL10 was significantly increased in AIDS patients with cryptosporidiosis compared to the level in AIDS patients without cryptosporidiosis or in normal volunteers (median in AIDS patients with cryptosporidiosis, 508 pg\/mg protein, compared to 111 pg\/mg and 72 pg\/mg protein in AIDS patients without cryptosporidiosis and in normal volunteers, respectively [\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05 and\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.005, respectively, as determined by a Mann-Whitney test]). The level of CXCL10 correlated with the parasite burden (as measured by the number of\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n            oocysts in the stools) and also with the IL-1\u03b1 concentration (Pearson correlation values, 0.961 [\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.01] and 0.737 [\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05]). As determined by immunohistochemistry, CXCL10 localized to epithelial cells at the site of infection. Following effective antiparasite and antiretroviral therapy,\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n            infections resolved, and the levels of CXCL10 decreased to normal levels. We hypothesized that CXCL10 plays an important role in the resolution of cryptosporidiosis by attracting immune effector cells to the site of infection. By contrast, in AIDS patients lacking effector cells, CXCL10 may contribute to the immunopathogenesis by recruiting inflammatory cells.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01237-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,20]],"date-time":"2006-12-20T23:51:25Z","timestamp":1166658685000},"page":"481-487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["High Levels of CXCL10 Are Produced by Intestinal Epithelial Cells in AIDS Patients with Active Cryptosporidiosis but Not after Reconstitution of Immunity"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Heuy-Ching","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Section, Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara M.","family":"Dann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Section, Department of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo C.","family":"Okhuysen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothy E.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia L.","family":"Chappell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas G.","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"A. Clinton","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Section, Department of Medicine"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.325"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2003.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.20914"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)91075-S"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.5.2709-2719.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.3.704"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90205-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1706"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/341296"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.4.2090-2099.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6822(02)00045-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.12.5067-5073.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M005652200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199818000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00008524"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514701"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200104130-00019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200411000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.22557"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.5.2379-2382.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.20904"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"3215","year":"2005","unstructured":"White, A. C., Jr. 2005. Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium hominis, Cryptosporidium parvum, other species), p. 3215-3228. In G. L. Mandell, J. E. Bennett, and R. Dolin (ed.), Principles and practice of infectious diseases, 6th ed. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, PA.","journal-title":"Principles and practice of infectious diseases"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"568","volume":"68","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yamamoto, J., Y. Adachi, Y. Onoue, Y. S. Adachi, Y. Okabe, T. Itazawa, M. Toyoda, T. Seki, M. Morohashi, K. Matsushima, and T. Miyawaki. 2000. Differential expression of the chemokine receptors by the Th1- and Th2-type effector populations within circulating CD4+ T cells. J. Leukoc. Biol.68:568-574.","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.01237-06","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.01237-06","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T06:56:41Z","timestamp":1646463401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.01237-06"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.01237-06"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.01237-06","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-08-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2006-10-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}