{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T20:51:55Z","timestamp":1759092715749},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The expression and function of psoriasin in the brain have been insufficiently characterized. Here, we show the induction of psoriasin expression in the central nervous system (CNS) after bacterial and viral stimulation. We used a pneumococcal meningitis\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            model that revealed S100A15 expression in astrocytes and meningeal cells. These results were confirmed by a cell-based\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            assay using primary rat glial and meningeal cell cultures. We investigated psoriasin expression in glial and meningeal cells using polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA that mimics viral infection. Furthermore, previous results showed that antimicrobial peptides have not only bactericidal but also immunomodulatory functions. To test this statement, we used recombinant psoriasin as a stimulus. Glial and meningeal cells were treated with recombinant psoriasin at concentrations from 25 to 500 ng\/ml. Treated microglia and meningeal cells showed phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1)\/ERK2 (ERK1\/2) signal transduction pathway. We demonstrated that this activation of ERK depends on RAGE, the receptor for advanced glycation end products. Furthermore, microglia cells treated with recombinant psoriasin change their phenotype to an enlarged shape. In conclusion, our results indicate an occurrence of psoriasin in the brain. An involvement of psoriasin as an antimicrobial protein that modulates the innate immune system after bacterial or viral stimulation is possible.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01265-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,12]],"date-time":"2013-03-12T00:53:09Z","timestamp":1363049589000},"page":"1788-1797","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Expression and Function of Psoriasin (S100A7) and Koebnerisin (S100A15) in the Brain"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Jansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Podschun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infection Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen L.","family":"Leib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Division, The Spiez Laboratory, Spiez, and Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Gr\u00f6tzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Oestern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Michalek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Pufe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars-Ove","family":"Brandenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/319235"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199710023371404"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.2.615-620.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22296"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3086"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04076.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2004.00382.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/415389a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.0124.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03081.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31818b4801"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym4010539"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-010-0089-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-005-0936-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1142"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004183"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20060195"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","first-page":"d1356","article-title":"S100 proteins: structure, functions and pathology","volume":"7","author":"Heizmann CW","year":"2002","unstructured":"HeizmannCWFritzGSchaferBW. 2002. 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