{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:43:59Z","timestamp":1790297039878,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            establishes a chronic infection in the human stomach, causing gastritis, peptic ulcer, or gastric cancer, and more severe diseases are associated with virulence genes such as the\n            <jats:italic>cag<\/jats:italic>\n            pathogenicity island (PAI). The aim of this work was to study gene content differences among\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            strains isolated from patients with different gastroduodenal diseases in a Mexican-Mestizo patient population.\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates from 10 patients with nonatrophic gastritis, 10 patients with duodenal ulcer, and 9 patients with gastric cancer were studied. Multiple isolates from the same patient were analyzed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, and strains with unique patterns were tested using whole-genome microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). We studied 42 isolates and found 1,319 genes present in all isolates, while 341 (20.5%) were variable genes. Among the variable genes, 127 (37%) were distributed within plasticity zones (PZs). The overall number of variable genes present in a given isolate was significantly lower for gastric cancer isolates. Thirty genes were significantly associated with nonatrophic gastritis, duodenal ulcer, or gastric cancer, 14 (46.6%) of which were within PZs and the\n            <jats:italic>cag<\/jats:italic>\n            PAI. Two genes (HP0674 and JHP0940) were absent in all gastric cancer isolates. Many of the disease-associated genes outside the PZs formed clusters, and some of these genes are regulated in response to acid or other environmental conditions. Validation of candidate genes identified by aCGH in a second patient cohort allowed the identification of novel\n            <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n            genes associated with gastric cancer or duodenal ulcer. These disease-associated genes may serve as biomarkers of the risk for severe gastroduodenal diseases.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01284-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,24]],"date-time":"2009-02-24T01:34:43Z","timestamp":1235439283000},"page":"2201-2211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Differences in Genome Content among\n            <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n            Isolates from Patients with Gastritis, Duodenal Ulcer, or Gastric Cancer Reveal Novel Disease-Associated Genes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Carolina","family":"Romo-Gonza\u0301lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigacio\u0301n en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de Pediatri\u0301a, Centro Medico Nacional-Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Me\u0301xico DF, Me\u0301xico"},{"name":"Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigacio\u0301n y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Polite\u0301cnico Nacional, Me\u0301xico DF, Me\u0301xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina R.","family":"Salama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Burgen\u0303o-Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estadistica, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Posgraduados, Montecillo, Estado de Me\u0301xico, Me\u0301xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Ponce-Castan\u0303eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigacio\u0301n en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de Pediatri\u0301a, Centro Medico Nacional-Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Me\u0301xico DF, Me\u0301xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Lazcano-Ponce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigacio\u0301n en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Me\u0301xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Camorlinga-Ponce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigacio\u0301n en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de Pediatri\u0301a, Centro Medico Nacional-Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Me\u0301xico DF, Me\u0301xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigacio\u0301n en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de Pediatri\u0301a, Centro Medico Nacional-Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Me\u0301xico DF, Me\u0301xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/16495"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.30.17771"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.15.5182-5185.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.2.1043-1056.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.27112-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.12.7832-7838.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203613200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04137.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2004.017087"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr060181p"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-4389.2004.00213.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2004.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.2.350-362.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(00)00250-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02714.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.1.602-614.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(02)02446-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.22.12778"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.6.2635-2641.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"45","volume":"26","year":"1996","unstructured":"Go, M. 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