{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T13:38:25Z","timestamp":1761485905085},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]],"date-time":"2007-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Group A streptococci (GAS), or<jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>, are associated with a remarkable variety of diseases, ranging from superficial infections to life-threatening diseases such as toxic-shock-like syndrome (TSS). GAS strains belonging to M types M1 and M3 are associated with TSS. This study aims to obtain insight into the gene profiles underlying different M types and disease manifestations. Genomic differences between 76 clinically well characterized GAS strains collected in The Netherlands were examined using a mixed-genome microarray. Inter-M-type genomic differences clearly outweighed intra-M-type genome variation. Phages were major contributors to observed genome diversification. We identified four novel genes, including two genes encoding fibronectin-binding-like proteins, which are highly specific to a subset of M types and thus may contribute to M-type-associated disease manifestations. All M12 strains were characterized by the unique absence of the citrate lyase complex and reduced growth under hypoxic, nutrient-deprived conditions. Furthermore, six virulence factors, including genes encoding a complement-inhibiting protein (<jats:italic>sic<\/jats:italic>), an exotoxin (<jats:italic>speA<\/jats:italic>), iron(III) binding factor, collagen binding factor (<jats:italic>cpa<\/jats:italic>), and fibrinogen binding factor (<jats:italic>prt2-like<\/jats:italic>), were unique to M1 and\/or M3 strains. These virulence factors may contribute to the potential of these strains to cause TSS. Finally, in contrast to M-type-specific virulence profiles, we did not identify a common virulence profile among strains associated with TSS irrespective of their M type.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01291-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,27]],"date-time":"2007-02-27T01:30:59Z","timestamp":1172539859000},"page":"2603-2611","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Determination of the Relationship between Group A Streptococcal Genome Content, M Type, and Toxic Shock Syndrome by a Mixed Genome Microarray"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Bart J. M.","family":"Vlaminckx","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank H. 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