{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:35:51Z","timestamp":1792665351879,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n            is the most common cause of leptospirosis in humans and animals. Genetic analysis of\n            <jats:italic>L. interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n            has been severely hindered by a lack of tools for genetic manipulation. Recently we developed the\n            <jats:italic>mariner<\/jats:italic>\n            -based transposon\n            <jats:italic>Himar1<\/jats:italic>\n            to generate the first defined mutants in\n            <jats:italic>L. interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n            . In this study, a total of 929 independent transposon mutants were obtained and the location of insertion determined. Of these mutants, 721 were located in the protein coding regions of 551 different genes. While sequence analysis of transposon insertion sites indicated that transposition occurred in an essentially random fashion in the genome, 25 unique transposon mutants were found to exhibit insertions into genes encoding 16S or 23S rRNAs, suggesting these genes are insertional hot spots in the\n            <jats:italic>L. interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n            genome. In contrast, loci containing notionally essential genes involved in lipopolysaccharide and heme biosynthesis showed few transposon insertions. The effect of gene disruption on the virulence of a selected set of defined mutants was investigated using the hamster model of leptospirosis. Two attenuated mutants with disruptions in hypothetical genes were identified, thus validating the use of transposon mutagenesis for the identification of novel virulence factors in\n            <jats:italic>L. interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n            . This library provides a valuable resource for the study of gene function in\n            <jats:italic>L. interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n            . Combined with the genome sequences of\n            <jats:italic>L. interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n            , this provides an opportunity to investigate genes that contribute to pathogenesis and will provide a better understanding of the biology of\n            <jats:italic>L. interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01293-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,2]],"date-time":"2008-12-02T01:59:42Z","timestamp":1228183182000},"page":"810-816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["Genome-Wide Transposon Mutagenesis in Pathogenic\n            <i>Leptospira<\/i>\n            Species"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Gerald L.","family":"Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Bacterial Pathogenesis Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviane","family":"Morel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unite\u0301 de Biologie des Spiroche\u0300tes, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo M.","family":"Cerqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unite\u0301 de Biologie des Spiroche\u0300tes, Paris, France"},{"name":"Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Croda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unite\u0301 de Biologie des Spiroche\u0300tes, Paris, France"},{"name":"Gonc\u0327alo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Salvador, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amporn","family":"Srikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melioidosis Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebekah","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Bacterial Pathogenesis Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert I.","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gonc\u0327alo Moniz Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Salvador, Brazil"},{"name":"Division of International Medicine and Infectious Disease, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Odir A.","family":"Dellagostin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieter M.","family":"Bulach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Bacterial Pathogenesis Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasana W.","family":"Sermswan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Bacterial Pathogenesis Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia"},{"name":"Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Picardeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unite\u0301 de Biologie des Spiroche\u0300tes, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00324-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.9.3255-3258.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603979103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(02)00856-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00989-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.02036.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"45","volume":"26","year":"1965","unstructured":"Ellinghausen, H. 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