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The overwhelming majority of UTIs are caused by uropathogenic\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            (UPEC) strains. Unlike some pathogens, UPEC strains do not have a fixed core set of virulence and fitness factors but do have a variety of adhesins and regulatory pathways. One such UPEC adhesin is the nonfimbrial adhesin TosA, which mediates adherence to the epithelium of the upper urinary tract. The\n            <jats:italic>tos<\/jats:italic>\n            operon is AT rich, resides on pathogenicity island\n            <jats:italic>aspV<\/jats:italic>\n            , and is not expressed under laboratory conditions. Because of this, we hypothesized that\n            <jats:italic>tosA<\/jats:italic>\n            expression is silenced by H-NS. Lrp, based on its prominent function in the regulation of other adhesins, is also hypothesized to contribute to\n            <jats:italic>tos<\/jats:italic>\n            operon regulation. Using a variety of\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            techniques, we mapped both the\n            <jats:italic>tos<\/jats:italic>\n            operon promoter and TosR binding sites. We have now identified TosR as a dual regulator of the\n            <jats:italic>tos<\/jats:italic>\n            operon, which could control the\n            <jats:italic>tos<\/jats:italic>\n            operon in association with H-NS and Lrp. H-NS is a negative regulator of the\n            <jats:italic>tos<\/jats:italic>\n            operon, and Lrp positively regulates the\n            <jats:italic>tos<\/jats:italic>\n            operon. Exogenous leucine also inhibits Lrp-mediated\n            <jats:italic>tos<\/jats:italic>\n            operon positive regulation. In addition, TosR binds to the\n            <jats:italic>pap<\/jats:italic>\n            operon, which encodes another important UPEC adhesin, P fimbria. Induction of TosR synthesis reduces production of P fimbria. These studies advance our knowledge of regulation of adhesin expression associated with uropathogen colonization of a host.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01302-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,12]],"date-time":"2016-01-12T03:48:58Z","timestamp":1452570538000},"page":"811-821","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Regulation of Expression of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Nonfimbrial Adhesin TosA by PapB Homolog TosR in Conjunction with H-NS and Lrp"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Engstrom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry L. 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