{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T10:15:08Z","timestamp":1782123308222,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Lethal toxin (LT) is a critical virulence factor of\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            and an important means by which this bacterium evades the host's immune system. In this study, we demonstrate that CD1d-expressing cells treated with LT have reduced CD1d-mediated antigen presentation. We earlier showed an important role for the mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1\/2 (ERK1\/2) in the regulation of CD1d-mediated antigen presentation, and we report here that LT impairs antigen presentation by CD1d in an ERK1\/2-dependent manner. Similarly, LT and the ERK1\/2 pathway-specific inhibitor U0126 caused a decrease in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-mediated antigen presentation. Confocal microscopy analyses revealed altered intracellular distribution of CD1d and LAMP-1 in LT-treated cells, similar to the case for ERK1\/2-inhibited cells. These results suggest that\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            has the ability to evade the host's innate immune system by reducing CD1d-mediated antigen presentation through targeting the ERK1\/2 pathway.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01307-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,2]],"date-time":"2010-03-02T04:34:14Z","timestamp":1267504454000},"page":"1859-1863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs CD1d-Mediated Antigen Presentation by Targeting the Extracellular Signal-Related Kinase 1\/2 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Masood A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy R.","family":"Brutkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200211018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01794"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-004-4251-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0010019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20014091096738"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06247"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/n35101999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.4.1781-1786.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v23.i56.30"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737124"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35065000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909093411107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.091301.131133"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"335","volume":"20","year":"2000","unstructured":"Friedlander, A. 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