{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:58:06Z","timestamp":1791226686756,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1180656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Host defense mechanisms against\n            <jats:italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/jats:italic>\n            are not fully understood. Previous work in the murine model has shown that host defense against infection is critically dependent upon host CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells. The recently described Th17 immune response is predominantly a function of effector CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells stimulated by interleukin-23 (IL-23), but whether these cells are required for defense against\n            <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n            infection is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that\n            <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n            stimulates the early release of IL-23, leading to increases in IL-17 production and lung effector CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T-cell population that mediate clearance of infection. In vitro, stimulation of alveolar macrophages with\n            <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n            induced IL-23, and IL-23p19 mRNA was expressed in lungs of mice infected with this pathogen. To address the role of IL-23 in resistance to\n            <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n            , IL-23p19\u2212\/\u2212 and wild-type control C57BL\/6 mice were infected and their fungal burdens and cytokine\/chemokine responses were compared. IL-23p19\u2212\/\u2212 mice displayed transient but impaired clearance of infection, which was most apparent 2 weeks after inoculation. In confirmatory studies, the administration of either anti-IL-23p19 or anti-IL-17 neutralizing antibody to wild-type mice infected with\n            <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n            also caused increases in fungal burdens. IL-17 and the lymphocyte chemokines IP-10, MIG, MIP-1\u03b1, MIP-1\u03b2, and RANTES were decreased in the lungs of infected IL-23p19\u2212\/\u2212 mice in comparison to their levels in the lungs of wild-type mice. In IL-23p19\u2212\/\u2212 mice infected with\n            <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n            , there were fewer effector CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells in the lung tissue. Collectively, these studies indicate that the IL-23-IL-17 axis participates in host defense against\n            <jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01329-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,3]],"date-time":"2007-04-03T00:44:08Z","timestamp":1175561048000},"page":"3055-3061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":216,"title":["Interleukin-23 (IL-23)-IL-17 Cytokine Axis in Murine\n            <i>Pneumocystis carinii<\/i>\n            Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Xiaowen L.","family":"Rudner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pulmonary\/Critical Care Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle I.","family":"Happel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pulmonary\/Critical Care Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erana A.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pulmonary\/Critical Care Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judd E.","family":"Shellito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pulmonary\/Critical Care Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M207577200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2001.1119"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb\/5.2.186"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/107999099313082"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.10.4994-5000.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.4.1936-1948.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.2.373-379.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.5.2827"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.1.305-314.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.9.4432"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.172.3.937"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.12.6957"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1648"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"51","volume":"59","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ieki, R., T. 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