{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T04:21:31Z","timestamp":1759638091117},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,1]],"date-time":"2011-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1312156800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Egress, which describes the mechanism that some intracellular parasites use to exit from parasitophorous vacuoles and host cells, plays a very important role in the parasite life cycle and is central to\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Eimeria<\/jats:named-content>\n            propagation and pathogenesis. Despite the importance of egress in the intracellular parasite's life cycle, very little information is known on this process compared to other steps, e.g., invasion. The present study was conducted to investigate the interplay between the host adaptive immune system and\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Eimeria<\/jats:named-content>\n            egression. Splenic lymphocytes or soluble immune factors were incubated with parasite-infected host cells for 3 or 5 h, and the percentage of egress was calculated according to an established formula. Viability of egressed parasites and host cells was tested using trypan blue exclusion and annexin V and propidium iodide staining, respectively. We found that premature egression of sporozoites from\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Eimeria tenella<\/jats:named-content>\n            -infected primary chicken kidney cells or from chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells occurred when the cells were cocultured\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            with spleen lymphocytes from\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. tenella<\/jats:named-content>\n            -infected chickens but not when they were cocultured with splenocytes from uninfected chickens.\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Eimeria<\/jats:named-content>\n            -specific antibodies and cytokines (gamma interferon [IFN-\u03b3], interleukin-2 [IL-2], and IL-15), derived from\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">E. tenella<\/jats:named-content>\n            -primed B and T lymphocytes, respectively, were capable of promoting premature egress of sporozoites from infected host cells. Both egressed parasites and host cells were viable, although the latter showed reduced reinvasion ability. These results suggest a novel, immune-mediated mechanism that the host exploits to interrupt the normal\n            <jats:named-content xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" content-type=\"genus-species\" xlink:type=\"simple\">Eimeria<\/jats:named-content>\n            life cycle\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            and thereby block the release of mature parasites into the environment.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01334-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T03:44:13Z","timestamp":1306899853000},"page":"3465-3470","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Enhanced Egress of Intracellular Eimeria tenella Sporozoites by Splenic Lymphocytes from Coccidian-Infected Chickens"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Animal Protozoa Laboratory &amp; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, United States Department of Agriculture, Building 1043, BARC-East, Beltsville, Maryland 20705"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghada H.","family":"Abdelnabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Animal Protozoa Laboratory &amp; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 32, Shambat, Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung H.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, United States Department of Agriculture, Building 1043, BARC-East, Beltsville, Maryland 20705"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangxing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, United States Department of Agriculture, Building 1043, BARC-East, Beltsville, Maryland 20705"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Animal Protozoa Laboratory &amp; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun S.","family":"Lillehoj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, United States Department of Agriculture, Building 1043, BARC-East, Beltsville, Maryland 20705"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Suo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Animal Protozoa Laboratory &amp; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28796"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2003.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-007-9033-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.24.9399-9408.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01176.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"111","article-title":"Isolation and functional characterization of chicken intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes showing natural activity against tumour target cell","volume":"63","author":"Chai Y. 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