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One of the most prevalent pathogens associated with epididymitis is<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>. In our previous study, we showed that semen quality is compromised in men following epididymitis associated with specific<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>pathovars. Thus, our aim was to investigate possible differences in immune responses elicited during epididymitis following infection with the uropathogenic<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>(UPEC) strain CFT073 and the nonpathogenic enteric<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>(NPEC) strain 470. Employing an<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>experimental epididymitis model, C57BL\/6 mice were infected with UPEC CFT073, NPEC 470, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a sham control for up to 7 days. After infection with NPEC 470, the expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the epididymis was significantly increased. Conversely, UPEC CFT073-challenged mice displayed inflammatory gene expression at levels comparable to sham PBS-treated animals. Moreover, by day 7 only NPEC-infected animals showed activation of adaptive immunity evident by a substantial influx of CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and F4\/80<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells in the epididymal interstitium. This correlated with enhanced production of Th1-associated cytokines IL-2 and gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3). Furthermore, splenocytes isolated from UPEC-infected mice exhibited diminished T-cell responses with significantly reduced secretion of IL-2 and IFN-\u03b3 in contrast to NPEC-infected animals. Overall, these findings provide new insights into understanding pathogen-specific modulation of host immunity during acute phases of epididymitis, which may influence severity of disease and clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01373-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,24]],"date-time":"2013-12-24T04:24:10Z","timestamp":1387859050000},"page":"1104-1111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Modulates Innate Immunity To Suppress Th1-Mediated Inflammatory Responses during Infectious Epididymitis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Tali","family":"Lang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Hudemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Phillips-Universit\u00e4t Marburg, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svetlin","family":"Tchatalbachev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelika","family":"Stammler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ferial","family":"Aslani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sudhanshu","family":"Bhushan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trinad","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Renz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Phillips-Universit\u00e4t Marburg, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Meinhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/155.6.1341"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200523110-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"461","article-title":"Inflammatory conditions of the male excurrent ductal system","volume":"23","author":"Chan PT","year":"2002","unstructured":"ChanPTSchlegelPN. 2002. 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