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Here we report that the ability of\n                    <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    to inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion correlated with developmentally regulated modifications of the pathogen's surface, as judged by its lipopolysaccharide profile and by its binding to a sialic acid-specific lectin and to the hydrocarbon hexadecane. Likewise, the composition of membrane vesicles shed by\n                    <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    was developmentally regulated, based on binding to the lectin and to the lipopolysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibody 3\/1. Membrane vesicles were sufficient to inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion by a mechanism independent of type IV secretion, since only \u223c25% of beads suspended with or coated by vesicles from transmissive phase wild type or\n                    <jats:italic>dotA<\/jats:italic>\n                    secretion mutants colocalized with lysosomal probes, whereas \u223c75% of beads were lysosomal when untreated or presented with vesicles from the\n                    <jats:italic>L. pneumophila letA<\/jats:italic>\n                    regulatory mutant or\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . As observed previously for\n                    <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection of mouse macrophages, vesicles inhibited phagosome-lysosome fusion only temporarily; by 10 h after treatment with vesicles, macrophages delivered \u223c72% of ingested beads to lysosomes. Accordingly, in the context of the epidemiology of the pneumonia Legionnaires' disease and virulence mechanisms of\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Mycobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n                    , we discuss a model here in which\n                    <jats:italic>L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    developmentally regulates its surface composition and releases vesicles into phagosomes that inhibit their fusion with lysosomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01382-05","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,19]],"date-time":"2006-05-19T19:52:41Z","timestamp":1148068361000},"page":"3285-3295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Membrane Vesicles Shed by\n                    <i>Legionella pneumophila<\/i>\n                    Inhibit Fusion of Phagosomes with Lysosomes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Esteban","family":"Fernandez-Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0620"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juergen H.","family":"Helbig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Medical Faculty TU Dresden, D-01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele S.","family":"Swanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0620"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(01)00240-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.1.1.1589"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00509.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.5.2468-2476.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04967.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0854.2000.010306.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01317.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.6.2503-2508.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.16.4725-4733.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09680519000060060501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.7.3029-3034.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1447"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099776"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)01792-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.5.1317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03400.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"167","volume":"68","year":"1995","unstructured":"de Chastellier, C., T. 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