{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T11:41:05Z","timestamp":1784374865541,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]],"date-time":"2009-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The levels of regulatory T cells (Treg cells), analyzed by Foxp3 mRNA expression, were determined in lesions from patients with acute cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) and chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CCL). We demonstrated that Treg cells preferentially accumulate in lesions from ACL patients during the early phase of infection (lesion duration of less than 1 month). In addition, levels of Foxp3 mRNA transcripts were significantly higher in specimens from patients with CCL than in those from patients with ACL, suggesting a critical role of intralesional Treg cells in CCL. Intralesional Treg cells from both ACL and CCL patients were shown to have suppressive functions in vitro, since they inhibited the gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3) produced by CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            CD25\n            <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the same patient in response to\n            <jats:italic>Leishmania guyanensis<\/jats:italic>\n            stimulation. Intralesional 2,3-indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO) mRNA expression was associated with that of Foxp3, suggesting a role for IDO in the suppressive activity of intralesional Treg cells. In addition, a role, albeit minor, of interleukin-10 (IL-10) was also demonstrated, since neutralization of IL-10 produced by intralesional T cells increased IFN-\u03b3 production by effector cells in an in vitro suppressive assay. These results confirm the role of intralesional Treg cells in the immunopathogenesis of human\n            <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n            infection, particularly in CCL patients.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01398-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,24]],"date-time":"2009-01-24T02:41:02Z","timestamp":1232764862000},"page":"1465-1474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Intralesional Regulatory T-Cell Suppressive Function during Human Acute and Chronic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Due to\n            <i>Leishmania guyanensis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Bourreau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunologie des Leishmanioses, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 97306 Cayenne, French Guyana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Ronet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO-IRTC, Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Darcissac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunologie des Leishmanioses, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 97306 Cayenne, French Guyana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. C.","family":"Lise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunologie des Leishmanioses, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, 97306 Cayenne, French Guyana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Sainte Marie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Guyanais de Dermatologie Tropicale, E.A. 2188, Centre Hospitalier Andre\u0301e Rosemon, 97300 Cayenne, French Guyana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Clity","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Guyanais de Dermatologie Tropicale, E.A. 2188, Centre Hospitalier Andre\u0301e Rosemon, 97300 Cayenne, French Guyana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Tacchini-Cottier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO-IRTC, Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, 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