{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T13:48:17Z","timestamp":1776692897053,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>O1 and enterotoxigenic<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>(ETEC) are major bacterial pathogens that cause dehydrating disease requiring hospitalization of children and adults. The cholera toxin (CT) produced by<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>O1 and the heat-labile toxin (LT) and\/or heat-stable toxin (ST) of ETEC are responsible for secretory diarrhea. We have observed that about 13% of hospitalized diarrheal patients are concomitantly infected with<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>O1 and ETEC. In order to understand the outcome of such dual infections on the clinical and immunological responses in cholera patients, we studied patients infected with<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>O1 (group VC;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 25), those infected with both<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>O1 and ETEC (group VCET;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 25), and those infected with ETEC only (group ET;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 25). The VCET group showed more severe dehydration and had a higher intake of intravenous fluid and more vomiting than the ETEC group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.01 to 0.003). The VCET patients showed higher vibriocidal responses and increased antibody titers to cholera toxin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in plasma than did the<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>O1 patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.02 to &lt;0.001). All responses in the<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>O1 and in the VCET groups were more robust than those seen in the group infected with ETEC only (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.01 to &lt;0.001). We thus show that concomitant colonization with ETEC induces immune responses to<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>antigens that are more robust than those seen with<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>O1 infection alone. It is possible that LT or other factors expressed by ETEC may play a role as a mucosal adjuvant in enhancing the immune responses to<jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>O1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01426-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,23]],"date-time":"2010-02-23T03:11:23Z","timestamp":1266894683000},"page":"2117-2124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Concomitant Enterotoxigenic<i>Escherichia coli<\/i>Infection Induces Increased Immune Responses to<i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>O1 Antigens in Patients with Cholera in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Fahima","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasmin A.","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Murshid","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashraful I.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanvir","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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