{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T22:56:39Z","timestamp":1790290599332,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006955","name":"Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI091759"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI091759"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006955","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Resistin-like molecules (RELMs) are highly expressed following helminth infection, where they impact both the host and helminth. While RELM\u03b1 (\n            <jats:italic>Retnla<\/jats:italic>\n            ) impairs helminth expulsion by inhibiting protective Th2 immunity, RELM\u03b2 (\n            <jats:italic>Retnlb<\/jats:italic>\n            ) can promote its expulsion. We employed\n            <jats:italic>Retnla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Retnlb<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice to delineate the function of both proteins following infection with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Nippostrongylus brasiliensis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , a hookworm that infects the lung and intestine. Whereas wild-type (WT) and\n            <jats:italic>Retnlb<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice exhibited equivalent infection-induced inflammation,\n            <jats:italic>Retnla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice suffered a heightened inflammatory response, including increased mortality, weight loss, and lung inflammation. In the intestine,\n            <jats:italic>Retnla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice had low parasite egg burdens compared to those of WT mice, while\n            <jats:italic>Retnlb<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice exhibited high egg burdens, suggesting that RELM\u03b1 and RELM\u03b2 have functionally distinct effects on immunity and inflammation to\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">N. brasiliensis<\/jats:named-content>\n            . To test the importance of both proteins, we generated\n            <jats:italic>Retnla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            <jats:italic>Retnlb<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice. Infected\n            <jats:italic>Retnla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            <jats:italic>Retnlb<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice exhibited similar responses to\n            <jats:italic>Retnla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice, including increased mortality and lung inflammation. This inflammatory response in\n            <jats:italic>Retnla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            <jats:italic>Retnlb<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice negatively impacted\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">N. brasiliensis<\/jats:named-content>\n            fitness, as demonstrated by significantly lower worm ATP levels and decreased intestinal worm burden and fecundity. Lung cytokine analysis revealed that\n            <jats:italic>Retnla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Retnla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            <jats:italic>Retnlb<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice expressed significantly increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4). Finally, we generated\n            <jats:italic>Retnla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice on the\n            <jats:italic>Rag<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            background and observed that the effects of RELM\u03b1 were abrogated in the absence of adaptive immunity. Together, these data demonstrate that RELM\u03b1 but not RELM\u03b2 significantly impacts the immune response to\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">N. brasiliensis<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection by downregulating the Th2 adaptive immune response in the lung, which protects the host but allows improved parasite fitness.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01479-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,2]],"date-time":"2016-02-02T04:18:57Z","timestamp":1454386737000},"page":"1100-1111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Comparison of RELM\u03b1 and RELM\u03b2 Single- and Double-Gene-Deficient Mice Reveals that RELM\u03b1 Expression Dictates Inflammation and Worm Expulsion in Hookworm Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Gang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California\u2014Riverside, Riverside, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spencer H.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California\u2014Riverside, Riverside, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica C.","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California\u2014Riverside, Riverside, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin I.","family":"Odegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California\u2014San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meera G.","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California\u2014Riverside, Riverside, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3476"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2015.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.2.502"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004579"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/599090"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.1.385-394.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.7.3655"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.6.3926"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.7.4709"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404034101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20082048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000393"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112666"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121231109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091268"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.04.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt822"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","volume-title":"Public Health Service policy on humane care and use of laboratory animals","author":"National Institutes of Health","year":"2002","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health. 2002. Public Health Service policy on humane care and use of laboratory animals. Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142735.im1912s55"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0308199"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00192-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200737827"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00502-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2628"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00931-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000237717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3024.2001.00352.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(04)00026-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3244"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/82717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2012.02215.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.301546"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.01479-15","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.01479-15","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T10:19:13Z","timestamp":1646475553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.01479-15"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"J. A.","family":"Appleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.01479-15"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.01479-15","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-12-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-01-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-03-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}