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Vaccines are needed that protect against both infections and do so better than the suboptimal<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:named-content>BCG vaccine. Here, we evaluated rBCG30, a vaccine previously demonstrated to induce protection superior to that of BCG against<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>and<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:named-content>challenge in animal models, for efficacy against<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycobacterium leprae<\/jats:named-content>challenge in a murine model of leprosy. rBCG30 overexpresses the<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>30-kDa major secretory protein antigen 85B, which is 85% homologous with the<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. leprae<\/jats:named-content>homolog (r30ML). Mice were sham immunized or immunized intradermally with BCG or rBCG30 and challenged 2.5 months later by injection of viable<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. leprae<\/jats:named-content>into each hind footpad. After 7 months, vaccine efficacy was assessed by enumerating the<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. leprae<\/jats:named-content>bacteria per footpad. Both BCG and rBCG30 induced significant protection against<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. leprae<\/jats:named-content>challenge. In the one experiment in which a comparison between BCG and rBCG30 was feasible, rBCG30 induced significantly greater protection than did BCG. Immunization of mice with purified<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>or<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. leprae<\/jats:named-content>antigen 85B also induced protection against<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. leprae<\/jats:named-content>challenge but less so than BCG or rBCG30. Notably, boosting rBCG30 with<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>antigen 85B significantly enhanced r30ML-specific immune responses, substantially more so than boosting BCG, and significantly augmented protection against<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. leprae<\/jats:named-content>challenge. Thus, rBCG30, a vaccine that induces improved protection against<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>, induces cross-protection against<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. leprae<\/jats:named-content>that is comparable or potentially superior to that induced by BCG, and boosting rBCG30 with antigen 85B further enhances immune responses and protective efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01499-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,8]],"date-time":"2014-07-08T02:41:30Z","timestamp":1404787290000},"page":"3900-3909","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["rBCG30-Induced Immunity and Cross-Protection against Mycobacterium leprae Challenge Are Enhanced by Boosting with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 30-Kilodalton Antigen 85B"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Gillis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Research Branch, National Hansen's Disease Programs, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael V.","family":"Tullius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California\u2014Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus A.","family":"Horwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California\u2014Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"365","article-title":"Global leprosy: update on the 2012 situation","volume":"88","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2013. 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