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Immunization with the 40-kDa OMP and mCTA\/LTB induced high levels of 40-kDa-OMP-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies (Abs) in sera and elicited a significant IgA anti-40-kDa OMP Ab response in saliva. These Ab responses were maintained for at least 1 year after the immunization. Although using adjuvant mCTA\/LTB gave Ab responses in the saliva comparable to those obtained using native cholera toxin (nCT) as the adjuvant, the levels of total IgE and 40-kDa-OMP-specific IgE Abs as well as interleukin-4 levels induced by the immunization with mCTA\/LTB were lower than those induced by the immunization with nCT. Importantly, IgG Abs generated by nasal immunization with the 40-kDa OMP plus mCTA\/LTB inhibited the coaggregation and hemagglutinin activities of<jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, the mice given nasal 40-kDa OMP plus mCTA\/LTB showed a significant reduction of alveolar bone loss caused by oral infection with<jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>even 1 year after the immunization compared to the loss in unimmunized mice. Because mCTA\/LTB is nontoxic, nasally administered 40-kDa OMP together with mCTA\/LTB should be an effective and safe mucosal vaccine against<jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>infection in humans and may be an important tool for the prevention of chronic periodontitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01502-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,15]],"date-time":"2008-04-15T00:45:10Z","timestamp":1208220310000},"page":"2777-2784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Nasal Vaccination with the 40-Kilodalton Outer Membrane Protein of<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/i>and a Nontoxic Chimeric Enterotoxin Adjuvant Induces Long-Term Protective Immunity with Reduced Levels of Immunoglobulin E Antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Fumiki","family":"Momoi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomomi","family":"Hashizume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Kurita-Ochiai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshikazu","family":"Yuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kiyono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.9.3966-3969.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00156.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(94)90055-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1986.57.7.447"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1996.67.10s.1123"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.1.454"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"1313","year":"1999","unstructured":"Challacombe, S. 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