{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:28:37Z","timestamp":1787502517639,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The induction of an intense inflammatory response by\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n                    and the persistence of this pathogen in the presence of innate effectors is a fascinating aspect of gonorrhea. Phosphoethanolamine (PEA) decoration of lipid A increases gonococcal resistance to complement-mediated bacteriolysis and cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs), and recently we reported that wild-type\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:named-content>\n                    strain FA1090 has a survival advantage relative to a PEA transferase A (\n                    <jats:italic>lptA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) mutant in the human urethral-challenge and murine lower genital tract infection models. Here we tested the immunostimulatory role of this lipid A modification. Purified lipooligosaccharide (LOS) containing lipid A devoid of the PEA modification and an\n                    <jats:italic>lptA<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant of strain FA19 induced significantly lower levels of NF-\u03baB in human embryonic kidney Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) cells and murine embryonic fibroblasts than wild-type LOS of the parent strain. Moreover, vaginal proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines were not elevated in female mice infected with the isogenic\n                    <jats:italic>lptA<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant, in contrast to mice infected with the wild-type and complemented\n                    <jats:italic>lptA<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant bacteria. We also demonstrated that\n                    <jats:italic>lptA<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant bacteria were more susceptible to human and murine cathelicidins due to increased binding by these peptides and that the differential induction of NF-\u03baB by wild-type and unmodified lipid A was more pronounced in the presence of CAMPs. This work demonstrates that PEA decoration of lipid A plays both protective and immunostimulatory roles and that host-derived CAMPs may further reduce the capacity of PEA-deficient lipid A to interact with TLR4 during infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01504-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:23:04Z","timestamp":1396311784000},"page":"2170-2179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Phosphoethanolamine Decoration of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Lipid A Plays a Dual Immunostimulatory and Protective Role during Experimental Genital Tract Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Mathanraj","family":"Packiam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, F. Edward H\u00e9bert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshan D.","family":"Yedery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, F. Edward H\u00e9bert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afrin A.","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, F. Edward H\u00e9bert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell W.","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jhuma","family":"Ganguly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory D.","family":"Sempowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa S.","family":"Ventevogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William M.","family":"Shafer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Laboratories of Microbial Pathogenesis, VA Medical Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann E.","family":"Jerse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, F. Edward H\u00e9bert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"Global action plan to control the spread and impact of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2012. Global action plan to control the spread and impact of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"451","volume-title":"Sexually transmitted diseases","author":"Hook EW","year":"1999","unstructured":"HookEW HandsfieldHH. 1999. Gonococcal infections in the adult, p 451\u2013466. In HolmesKK SparlingPF MardhPA LemonSM StammWE PiotP WasserheitJM (ed), Sexually transmitted diseases, 3rd ed. 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