{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:17:08Z","timestamp":1790371028890,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>ALOX12<\/jats:italic>\n            is a gene encoding arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX), a member of a nonheme lipoxygenase family of dioxygenases.\n            <jats:italic>ALOX12<\/jats:italic>\n            catalyzes the addition of oxygen to arachidonic acid, producing 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HPETE), which can be reduced to the eicosanoid 12-HETE (12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid). 12-HETE acts in diverse cellular processes, including catecholamine synthesis, vasoconstriction, neuronal function, and inflammation. Consistent with effects on these fundamental mechanisms, allelic variants of\n            <jats:italic>ALOX12<\/jats:italic>\n            are associated with diseases including schizophrenia, atherosclerosis, and cancers, but the mechanisms have not been defined.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n            is an apicomplexan parasite that causes morbidity and mortality and stimulates an innate and adaptive immune inflammatory reaction. Recently, it has been shown that a gene region known as\n            <jats:italic>Toxo1<\/jats:italic>\n            is critical for susceptibility or resistance to\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection in rats. An orthologous gene region with\n            <jats:italic>ALOX12<\/jats:italic>\n            centromeric is also present in humans. Here we report that the human\n            <jats:italic>ALOX12<\/jats:italic>\n            gene has susceptibility alleles for human congenital toxoplasmosis (rs6502997 [\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            , &lt;0.000309], rs312462 [\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            , &lt;0.028499], rs6502998 [\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            , &lt;0.029794], and rs434473 [\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            , &lt;0.038516]). A human monocytic cell line was genetically engineered using lentivirus RNA interference to knock down\n            <jats:italic>ALOX12<\/jats:italic>\n            . In\n            <jats:italic>ALOX12<\/jats:italic>\n            knockdown cells,\n            <jats:italic>ALOX12<\/jats:italic>\n            RNA expression decreased and levels of the\n            <jats:italic>ALOX12<\/jats:italic>\n            substrate, arachidonic acid, increased.\n            <jats:italic>ALOX12<\/jats:italic>\n            knockdown attenuated the progression of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection and resulted in greater parasite burdens but decreased consequent late cell death of the human monocytic cell line. These findings suggest that\n            <jats:italic>ALOX12<\/jats:italic>\n            influences host responses to\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection in human cells.\n            <jats:italic>ALOX12<\/jats:italic>\n            has been shown in other studies to be important in numerous diseases. Here we demonstrate the critical role\n            <jats:italic>ALOX12<\/jats:italic>\n            plays in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection in humans.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01505-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T04:23:04Z","timestamp":1396326184000},"page":"2670-2679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["<i>ALOX12<\/i>\n            in Human Toxoplasmosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"William H.","family":"Witola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan Ruosu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Montpetit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Welti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magali","family":"Hypolite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"},{"name":"Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogenie des Micro-Organismes, CNRS UMR 5163, Universit\u00e9 Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Institut Jean Roget, Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest","family":"Mui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-France","family":"Cesbron-Delauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogenie des Micro-Organismes, CNRS UMR 5163, Universit\u00e9 Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Institut Jean Roget, Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert J.","family":"Fournie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, U563, and University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Cavailles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogenie des Micro-Organismes, CNRS UMR 5163, Universit\u00e9 Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Institut Jean Roget, Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cordelia","family":"Bisanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Adaptation et Pathogenie des Micro-Organismes, CNRS UMR 5163, Universit\u00e9 Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, Institut Jean Roget, Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"},{"name":"Rush University and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn","family":"Withers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Gwendolyn","family":"Noble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"},{"name":"Northwestern Lurie Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles N.","family":"Swisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"},{"name":"Northwestern Lurie Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter T.","family":"Heydemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"},{"name":"Rush University and Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Rabiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"},{"name":"Northshore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen P.","family":"Muench","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rima","family":"McLeod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), Toxoplasmosis Center, Institute of Genomics, Genetics and Systems Biology, CHeSS (Affiliate), and The College, Committees on Molecular Medicine, Immunology and Global Health, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"100","volume-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: the model apicomplexan: perspectives and methods","author":"McLeod R","year":"2013","unstructured":"McLeodRvan TubbergenCMontoyaJGPetersenE. 2013. 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H.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.01505-13"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.01505-13","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-11-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-02-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-06-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}