{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T11:48:36Z","timestamp":1789818516600,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,1]],"date-time":"2007-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            produces several antioxidant defenses, including high levels of catalase, which may facilitate the persistence during an inflammatory response via neutralization of H\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            O\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            produced by phagocytes. In vivo testing of the role of catalase in gonococcal survival is critical since several physiological factors impact interactions between\n            <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Here we assessed the importance of gonococcal catalase in a surrogate model of female genital tract infection. Female BALB\/c mice were treated with 17-\u03b2 estradiol to promote susceptibility to\n            <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            and inoculated intravaginally with wild-type gonococci or a catalase (\n            <jats:italic>kat<\/jats:italic>\n            ) deletion mutant. A localized PMN influx occurred in an average of 43 and 81% of mice infected with wild-type or\n            <jats:italic>kat<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant gonococci, respectively, and PMNs associated with numerous wild-type or catalase-deficient bacteria were observed in vaginal smears. The combined results of six experiments showed a significant difference in the number of days wild-type bacteria were recovered compared to the catalase-deficient gonococci. However, there was much variability between experiments, and we found no correlation between PMN influx, colonization load, and clearance of wild-type or\n            <jats:italic>kat<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant bacteria. Estradiol treatment did not impair bacterial uptake, the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence response, or the killing capacity of isolated murine PMNs against\n            <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            or\n            <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            . Our data suggest\n            <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n            is not significantly challenged by H\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            O\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            produced by PMNs in the murine lower genital tract; alternatively, redundant defense mechanisms may protect the gonococcus from reactive oxygen species during infection.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01513-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,13]],"date-time":"2007-02-13T01:18:37Z","timestamp":1171329517000},"page":"2225-2233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>\n            Catalase Is Not Required for Experimental Genital Tract Infection despite the Induction of a Localized Neutrophil Response"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"A\u0301ngel A.","family":"Soler-Garci\u0301a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, F. Edward He\u0301bert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, Maryland 20814"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann E.","family":"Jerse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, F. Edward He\u0301bert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd., Bethesda, Maryland 20814"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.51.2.631-641.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.8.4541-4551.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(82)90130-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01345.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.11.4855-4860.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"328","year":"1978","unstructured":"Braude, A. I., L. B. Corbeil, S. Levine, J. Ito, and J. A. McCutchan. 1978. Possible influence of cyclic menstrual changes on resistance to the gonococcus, p. 328-337. In G. F. Brooks, E. C. Gotschlich, K. K. Holmes, W. D. Sawyer, and F. 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