{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T16:40:12Z","timestamp":1788972012283,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The etiology of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease (RF\/RHD) is believed to be autoimmune, involving immune responses initiated between streptococcal and host tissue proteins through a molecular mimicry mechanism(s). We sought to investigate the humoral and cellular responses elicited in a Lewis rat model of group A streptococcus M-protein- or peptide-induced experimental valvulitis\/carditis, a recently developed animal model which may, in part, represent human rheumatic carditis. Recombinant streptococcal M5 protein elicited opsonic antibodies in Lewis rats, and anti-M5 antisera recognized epitopes within the B- and C-repeat regions of M5. One peptide from the streptococcal M5 protein B-repeat region (M5-B.6, amino acids 161 to 180) induced lymphocytes that responded to both recombinant M5 and cardiac myosin. Rats immunized with streptococcal M5 protein developed valvular lesions, distinguished by infiltration of CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, and CD68<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells into valve tissue, consistent with human studies that suggest that RF\/RHD are mediated by inflammatory CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells and CD68<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>macrophages. The current study provides additional information that supports the use of the rat autoimmune valvulitis model for investigating RF\/RHD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01514-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,10]],"date-time":"2009-03-10T00:55:09Z","timestamp":1236646509000},"page":"2177-2183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["B- and T-Cell Responses in Group A Streptococcus M-Protein- or Peptide-Induced Experimental Carditis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Davina","family":"Gorton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Govan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Olive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston 4006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natkunam","family":"Ketheesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(88)80027-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(97)00178-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/13.10.1335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.167.6.1849"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04527.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/1067"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2003.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1993.1106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.9.3913-3923.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.8.2677","volume":"143","year":"1989","unstructured":"Cunningham, M. 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