{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:26:27Z","timestamp":1791275187228,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen\n            <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            induces severe fetal infection during pregnancy. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms allowing the maternofetal transmission of bacteria. In this work, we studied fetoplacental invasion by infecting mice with various mutants lacking virulence factors involved in the intracellular life cycle of\n            <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            . We found that the placenta was highly susceptible to bacteria, including avirulent bacteria, such as an\n            <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant with an\n            <jats:italic>hly<\/jats:italic>\n            deletion (\u0394LLO) and a nonpathogenic species,\n            <jats:italic>Listeria innocua<\/jats:italic>\n            , suggesting that permissive trophoblastic cells, trapping bacteria, provide a protective niche for bacterial survival. The \u0394LLO mutant, which is unable to escape the phagosomal compartment of infected cells, failed to grow in the trophoblast tissue and to invade the fetus. Mutant bacteria with\n            <jats:italic>inlA<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>inlB<\/jats:italic>\n            deletion (\u0394InlAB) grew in the placenta and fetus as well as did the wild-type virulent stain (EGDwt), indicating that in the murine model, internalins A and B are not involved in fetoplacental invasion by\n            <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            . Pregnant mice were then infected with an\n            <jats:italic>actA<\/jats:italic>\n            deletion (\u0394ActA) strain, a virulence-attenuated mutant that is unable to polymerize actin and to spread from cell to cell. With the \u0394ActA mutant, fetal infection occurs, but with a significant delay and restriction, and it requires a placental bacterial load 2 log units higher than that for the wild-type virulent strain. Definitive evidence for the role of ActA was provided by showing that a\n            <jats:italic>actA<\/jats:italic>\n            -complemented \u0394ActA mutant was restored in its capacity to invade fetuses. ActA-mediated cell-to-cell spreading plays a major role in the vertical transmission of\n            <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            to the fetus in the murine model.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01570-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,22]],"date-time":"2006-11-22T03:36:36Z","timestamp":1164166596000},"page":"950-957","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["ActA Is Required for Crossing of the Fetoplacental Barrier by\n            <i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Alban","family":"Le Monnier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U-570 INSERM"},{"name":"University and Medical School Paris-Descartes"},{"name":"Assistance Publique\u2014Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, 75730 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Autret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U-570 INSERM"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier F.","family":"Join-Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U-570 INSERM"},{"name":"University and Medical School Paris-Descartes"},{"name":"Assistance Publique\u2014Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, 75730 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Jaubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University and Medical School Paris-Descartes"},{"name":"Assistance Publique\u2014Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, 75730 Paris Cedex 15, France"},{"name":"De\u0301partement d'Anatomie Pathologique, Ho\u0302pital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Charbit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U-570 INSERM"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Berche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U-570 INSERM"},{"name":"University and Medical School Paris-Descartes"},{"name":"Assistance Publique\u2014Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, 75730 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samer","family":"Kayal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U-570 INSERM"},{"name":"University and Medical School Paris-Descartes"},{"name":"Assistance Publique\u2014Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, 75730 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1438-4221(00)80039-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.00214"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.4.2054-2065.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.1.489-497.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/430090"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.5.2110-2116.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07117.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"401","volume":"291","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cossart, P. 2002. 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