{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T18:08:53Z","timestamp":1793210933052,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]],"date-time":"2006-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Trichuris muris<\/jats:italic>resides in intimate contact with its host, burrowing within cecal epithelial cells. However, whether the enterocyte itself responds innately to<jats:italic>T. muris<\/jats:italic>is unknown. This study investigated for the first time whether colonic intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) produce cytokines or chemokines following<jats:italic>T. muris<\/jats:italic>infection and whether divergence of the innate response could explain differentially polarized adaptive immune responses in resistant and susceptible mice. Increased expression of mRNA for the proinflammatory cytokines gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3) and tumor necrosis factor and the chemokine CCL2 (MCP-1) were seen after infection of susceptible and resistant strains, with the only difference in expression being a delayed increase in CCL2 in BALB\/c IEC. These increases were ablated in MyD88<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice, and NF-\u03baB p65 was phosphorylated in response to<jats:italic>T. muris<\/jats:italic>excretory\/secretory products in the epithelial cell line CMT-93, suggesting involvement of the MyD88-NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in IEC cytokine expression. These data reveal that IEC respond innately to<jats:italic>T. muris<\/jats:italic>. However, the minor differences identified between resistant and susceptible mice are unlikely to underlie the subsequent development of a susceptible type 1 (IFN-\u03b3-dominated) or resistant type 2 (interleukin-4 [IL-4]\/IL-13-dominated) adaptive immune response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01609-05","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,20]],"date-time":"2006-10-20T22:57:47Z","timestamp":1161385067000},"page":"6280-6286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["The Innate Immune Responses of Colonic Epithelial Cells to<i>Trichuris muris<\/i>Are Similar in Mouse Strains That Develop a Type 1 or Type 2 Adaptive Immune Response"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Matthew L.","family":"deSchoolmeester","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harinder","family":"Manku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn J.","family":"Else","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.190.7.953"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1999.4407"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.8.4481"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404034101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3453","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.7.3453","volume":"160","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bancroft, A. 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