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Here, a reporter system using fluorescent parasite strains that inject Cre recombinase with their rhoptry proteins (<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Toxoplasma<\/jats:named-content>-Cre) was combined with Ai6 Cre reporter mice to identify cells that have been productively infected, that have been rhoptry injected but lack the parasite, or that have phagocytosed<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>. The ability to distinguish these host-parasite interactions was then utilized to dissect the events that lead to the production of interleukin-12 p40 (IL-12p40), which is required for resistance to<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>.<jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>, the use of invasion-competent or invasion-inhibited (phagocytosed) parasites with IL-12p40 (YET40) reporter mice revealed that dendritic cell (DC) and macrophage populations that phagocytose the parasite or are infected can express IL-12p40 but are not the major source, as larger numbers of uninfected cells secrete this cytokine. Similarly, the use of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Toxoplasma<\/jats:named-content>-Cre parasite strains indicated that dendritic cells and inflammatory monocytes untouched by the parasite and not cells injected by the parasite are the primary source of IL-12p40. These results imply that a soluble host or parasite factor is responsible for the bulk of IL-12p40 production<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, rather than cellular interactions with<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T. gondii<\/jats:named-content>that result in infection, infection and clearance, injection of rhoptry proteins, or phagocytosis of the parasite.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01643-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,15]],"date-time":"2014-07-15T05:03:41Z","timestamp":1405400621000},"page":"4056-4067","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Use of Transgenic Parasites and Host Reporters To Dissect Events That Promote Interleukin-12 Production during Toxoplasmosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"David A.","family":"Christian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita A.","family":"Koshy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan A.","family":"Reuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Betts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Boothroyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05013-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.13.6115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.6.2533","article-title":"Parasite-induced IL-12 stimulates early IFN-gamma synthesis and resistance during acute infection with Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"153","author":"Gazzinelli RT","year":"1994","unstructured":"GazzinelliRT WysockaM HayashiS DenkersEY HienyS CasparP TrinchieriG SherA. 1994. 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