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Since interleukin-18 (IL-18) acts as a potent inducer of IFN-\u03b3, it might play an important role in the induction of a protective immune response in listeriosis. We used a murine model of systemic<jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>infection to study the immune response to these intracellular bacteria in the absence of IL-18. For this purpose, IL-18-deficient mice and mice treated with anti-IL-18 neutralizing antibody were infected with<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>, and their innate and adaptive immune responses were compared to those of control mice. Unexpectedly, we found that mice deficient in IL-18 were partially resistant to primary infection with<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>. At day 3 after infection, the numbers of<jats:italic>listeriae<\/jats:italic>in the livers and spleens of control mice were up to 500 times higher than those in IL-18-deficient or anti-IL-18 antibody-treated mice. In addition, the level of proinflammatory cytokines was markedly reduced in IL-18-deficient mice. Enhanced resistance to<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>infection in IL-18-deficient mice was accompanied by increased numbers of leukocytes and reduced apoptosis in the spleen 48 to 72 h after infection. In contrast, control and IL-18-deficient mice showed no significant differences in their abilities to mount a protective<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>-specific T-cell response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01651-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,24]],"date-time":"2008-06-24T00:55:18Z","timestamp":1214268918000},"page":"3881-3890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Decreased Susceptibility of Mice to Infection with<i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>in the Absence of Interleukin-18"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Matthias","family":"Lochner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Kastenmu\u0308ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Clinical Cooperation Group Antigen-Specific Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Zentrum Mu\u0308nchen\u2014German Research Center for Environmental Health and Technical University of Munich, Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Neuenhahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Weighardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut fu\u0308r Umweltmedizinische Forschung, Heinrich-Heine Universita\u0308t Du\u0308sseldorf, Du\u0308sseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk H.","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Clinical Cooperation Group Antigen-Specific Immunotherapy, Helmholtz Zentrum Mu\u0308nchen\u2014German Research Center for Environmental Health and Technical University of Munich, Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Reindl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irmgard","family":"Fo\u0308rster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Institut fu\u0308r Umweltmedizinische Forschung, Heinrich-Heine Universita\u0308t Du\u0308sseldorf, Du\u0308sseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040976"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.3.888","volume":"150","year":"1993","unstructured":"Beckerman, K. 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