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There is increased T-cell infiltration at the site of infection with<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>. CCR6, a specific \u03b2-chemokine receptor for CCL20 (MIP-3\u03b1\/LARC\/exodus), has recently been reported to mediate lymphocyte homeostasis and immune responses in mucosal tissue, and it may play a role in chemokine-mediated lymphocyte trafficking during gastric inflammation. In this study, we investigated the role of CCR6 and its ligand, CCL20, in inducing an inflammatory response in the gastric mucosa during<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>infection. Gastric infiltrating T lymphocytes were isolated from endoscopic biopsy specimens of<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>gastritis patients and analyzed for the expression of the CCR6 chemokine receptor. Our results demonstrated that there was significantly increased CCR6 expression in CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells infiltrating the gastric mucosa, and the CCR6 ligand, the CCL20 chemokine, was selectively expressed in inflamed gastric tissues. The production of CCL20 was upregulated in response to<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>in gastric epithelial cells when there was stimulation by the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1\u03b2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Furthermore, recombinant CCL20 induced lymphocyte chemotaxis migration in fresh gastric T cells ex vivo, indicating that the gastric T cells could migrate toward inflammatory sites via CCR6\/CCL20 interaction. Our results suggest that the interaction between CCL20 and CCR6 may play a role in chemokine-mediated lymphocyte trafficking during gastric inflammation in<jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01660-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,12]],"date-time":"2007-06-12T02:32:43Z","timestamp":1181615563000},"page":"4357-4363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Upregulation of CCL20 and Recruitment of CCR6<sup>+<\/sup>Gastric Infiltrating Lymphocytes in<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>Gastritis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Yi-Ying","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwei-Fang","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Ho-Ping Branch, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Immunology, Chung-Shan Medical and Dental College, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"We-Cheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping-I","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans General Hospital-Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Tung","family":"Shun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Shiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping-Ning","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35018581"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.23.14893"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/33340"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(00)01672-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70531-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(96)80118-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60022-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(00)00096-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/23495"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80201-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.2.962","volume":"158","year":"1997","unstructured":"D'Elios, M. 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