{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:42:52Z","timestamp":1791960172032,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) causes food poisoning in humans. It is considered a biological weapon, and inhalation can trigger lung injury and sometimes respiratory failure. Being a superantigen, SEB initiates an exaggerated inflammatory response. While the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in immune cell activation is getting increasing recognition, their role in the regulation of inflammatory disease induced by SEB has not been studied. In this investigation, we demonstrate that exposure to SEB by inhalation results in acute inflammatory lung injury accompanied by an altered miRNA expression profile in lung-infiltrating cells. Among the miRNAs that were significantly elevated, miR-155 was the most overexpressed. Interestingly, miR-155<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice were protected from SEB-mediated inflammation and lung injury. Further studies revealed a functional link between SEB-induced miR-155 and proinflammatory cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3). Through the use of bioinformatics tools, suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), a negative regulator of IFN-\u03b3, was identified as a potential target of miR-155. While miR-155<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice displayed increased expression of<jats:italic>Socs1<\/jats:italic>, the overexpression of miR-155 led to its suppression, thereby enhancing IFN-\u03b3 levels. Additionally, the inhibition of miR-155 resulted in restored<jats:italic>Socs1<\/jats:italic>expression. Together, our data demonstrate an important role for miR-155 in promoting SEB-mediated inflammation in the lungs through<jats:italic>Socs1<\/jats:italic>suppression and suggest that miR-155 may be an important target in preventing SEB-mediated inflammation and tissue injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01666-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,29]],"date-time":"2014-04-29T06:34:38Z","timestamp":1398753278000},"page":"2971-2979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B-Induced MicroRNA-155 Targets SOCS1 To Promote Acute Inflammatory Lung Injury"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Roshni","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbus, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prakash","family":"Nagarkatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbus, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitzi","family":"Nagarkatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbus, South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins2082177"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230309725"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","volume-title":"Textbook of military medicine: medical aspects of chemical and biological warfare","author":"Ulrich RG","year":"2001","unstructured":"UlrichRGSidellSTaylorTJWilhelmsenCLFranzDR. 2001. Textbook of military medicine: medical aspects of chemical and biological warfare. Office of The Surgeon General at TMM Publications, Borden Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1431927612000190"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.4.1862","article-title":"Induction of acute inflammatory lung injury by staphylococcal enterotoxin B","volume":"158","author":"Neumann B","year":"1997","unstructured":"NeumannBEngelhardtBWagnerHHolzmannB. 1997. Induction of acute inflammatory lung injury by staphylococcal enterotoxin B. J. Immunol. 158:1862\u20131871.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.2.423-429.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90088-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830230715"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.5.1531"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016764"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830250503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.146.1.11","article-title":"An evolutionary conserved mechanism of T cell activation by microbial toxins. Evidence for different affinities of T cell receptor-toxin interaction","volume":"146","author":"Fleischer B","year":"1991","unstructured":"FleischerBGerardy-SchahnRMetzrothBCarrelSGerlachDKohlerW. 1991. An evolutionary conserved mechanism of T cell activation by microbial toxins. Evidence for different affinities of T cell receptor-toxin interaction. J. Immunol. 146:11\u201317.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.9.1.745"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1431927612000190"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1672-0229(08)60044-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-075013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2057"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1575"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17226\/25801"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.02063.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00177-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60604-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2008.00714.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01220-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08830180903208303"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2008.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1141229"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007158"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003952"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101772"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2012.49"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(07)96002-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins5091629"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","first-page":"94","article-title":"Immunobiological study of interferon-gamma-producing cells after staphylococcal enterotoxin B stimulation","volume":"70","author":"Lee CL","year":"1990","unstructured":"LeeCLLeeSHJayFTRozeeKR. 1990. Immunobiological study of interferon-gamma-producing cells after staphylococcal enterotoxin B stimulation. Immunology 70:94\u201399.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199805)28:05<1534::AID-IMMU1534>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1998.00613.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-12-398099"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1019536108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.19-5-378"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.207464"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2011.03514.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-4250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000491"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1128\/iai.02193-14","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,12]],"date-time":"2014-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407801600000}}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.01666-14","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.01666-14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T13:17:21Z","timestamp":1689167841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.01666-14"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"B. A.","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.01666-14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.01666-14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-02-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-04-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-06-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}