{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:38:32Z","timestamp":1791214712299,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            In El Tor biotype strains of toxigenic\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            , the CTX\u03d5 prophage often resides adjacent to a chromosomally integrated satellite phage genome, RS1, which produces RS1\u03d5 particles by using CTX prophage-encoded morphogenesis proteins. RS1 encodes RstC, an antirepressor against the CTX\u03d5 repressor RstR, which cooperates with the host-encoded LexA protein to maintain CTX\u03d5 lysogeny. We found that superinfection of toxigenic El Tor strains with RS1\u03d5, followed by inoculation of the transductants into the adult rabbit intestine, caused elimination of the resident CTX prophage-producing nontoxigenic derivatives at a high frequency. Further studies using\n            <jats:italic>recA<\/jats:italic>\n            deletion mutants and a cloned\n            <jats:italic>rstC<\/jats:italic>\n            gene showed that the excision event was\n            <jats:italic>recA<\/jats:italic>\n            dependent and that introduction of additional copies of the cloned\n            <jats:italic>rstC<\/jats:italic>\n            gene instead of infection with RS1\u03d5 was sufficient to enhance CTX\u03d5 elimination. Our data suggest that once it is excised from the chromosome, the elimination of CTX prophage from host cells is driven by the inability to reestablish CTX\u03d5 lysogeny while RstC is overexpressed. However, with eventual loss of the additional copies of\n            <jats:italic>rstC<\/jats:italic>\n            , the nontoxigenic derivatives can act as precursors of new toxigenic strains by acquiring the CTX prophage either through reinfection with CTX\u03d5 or by chitin-induced transformation. These results provide new insights into the role of RS1\u03d5 in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            evolution and the emergence of highly pathogenic clones, such as the variant strains associated with recent devastating epidemics of cholera in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Haiti.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01699-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,17]],"date-time":"2014-06-17T02:44:12Z","timestamp":1402973052000},"page":"3636-3643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["RS1 Satellite Phage Promotes Diversity of Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae by Driving CTX Prophage Loss and Elimination of Lysogenic Immunity"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Kamruzzaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Food and Water Borne Diseases, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William Paul","family":"Robins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. M. Nayeemul","family":"Bari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Food and Water Borne Diseases, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamsun","family":"Nahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Food and Water Borne Diseases, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Mekalanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shah M.","family":"Faruque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Food and Water Borne Diseases, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.62.4.1301-1314.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.1.48"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5270.1910"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00782"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2005.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910212107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1997.3911758.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.1.163-170.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdf427"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.8.3750"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00889.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09469"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00682-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2004.11.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5464.333"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04676.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2005.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.9.3296-3299.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0909.020443"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","volume-title":"Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual","author":"Maniatis T","year":"1982","unstructured":"ManiatisTFritschEFSambrookJ. 1982. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1986.tb03037.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700660228"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.10.6084-6090.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803281105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1120096"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805560105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.12.7035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.21.6779-6787.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.24.6992-6998.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1011.040682"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/306551a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2008.01200.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002149"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2008.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01150-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.12.5819-5825.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.1.394-397.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(83)90228-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.140109997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11927"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.01699-14","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.01699-14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T20:22:18Z","timestamp":1646425338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.01699-14"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"S. M.","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.01699-14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.01699-14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-03-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-06-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-08-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}