{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T11:45:31Z","timestamp":1792669531716,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Intra-abdominal polymicrobial infections cause significant morbidity and mortality. An established experimental mouse model of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            -\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candida albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            intra-abdominal infection results in \u223c60% mortality within 48 h postinoculation, concomitant with amplified local inflammatory responses, while monomicrobial infections are avirulent. The purpose of this study was to characterize early local and systemic innate responses during coinfection and determine the role of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            morphogenesis in lethality, a trait involved in virulence and physical interaction with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Local and systemic proinflammatory cytokines were significantly elevated during coinfection at early time points (4 to 12 h) compared to those in monoinfection. In contrast, microbial burdens in the organs and peritoneal lavage fluid were similar between mono- and coinfected animals through 24 h, as was peritoneal neutrophil infiltration. After optimizing the model for 100% mortality within 48 h, using 3.5 \u00d7 10\n            <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            (5\u00d7 increase), coinfection with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            yeast-locked or hypha-locked mutants showed similar mortality, dissemination, and local and systemic inflammation to the isogenic control. However, coinfection with the yeast-locked\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            mutant given intravenously (i.v.) and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            given intraperitoneally (i.p.) failed to induce mortality. These results suggest a unique intra-abdominal interaction between the host and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. albicans-S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            that results in strong inflammatory responses, dissemination, and lethal sepsis, independent of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            morphogenesis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01746-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,3]],"date-time":"2014-06-03T06:33:39Z","timestamp":1401777219000},"page":"3426-3435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Morphogenesis Is Not Required for Candida albicans-Staphylococcus aureus Intra-Abdominal Infection-Mediated Dissemination and Lethal Sepsis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Evelyn E.","family":"Nash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian M.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Dental School, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glen E.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul L.","family":"Fidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Dental School, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mairi C.","family":"Noverr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Dental School, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"},{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mic.2003.54"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-86702004000200001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"927","article-title":"Peritonitis: pathophysiology and local defense mechanisms","volume":"44","author":"Heemken R","year":"1997","unstructured":"HeemkenRGandawidjajaLHauT. 1997. 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