{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:45:20Z","timestamp":1781743520481,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Malnutrition is thought to contribute to more than one-third of all childhood deaths via increased susceptibility to infection. Malnutrition is a significant risk factor for the development of visceral leishmaniasis, which results from skin inoculation of the intracellular protozoan\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leishmania donovani<\/jats:named-content>\n            . We previously established a murine model of childhood malnutrition and found that malnutrition decreased the lymph node barrier function and increased the early dissemination of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. donovani<\/jats:named-content>\n            . In the present study, we found reduced numbers of resident dendritic cells (conventional and monocyte derived) but not migratory dermal dendritic cells in the skin-draining lymph nodes of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. donovani<\/jats:named-content>\n            -infected malnourished mice. Expression of chemokines and their receptors involved in trafficking of dendritic cells and their progenitors to the lymph nodes was dysregulated. C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) and its ligands (CCL2 and CCL7) were reduced in the lymph nodes of infected malnourished mice, as were CCR2-bearing monocytes\/macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. However, CCR7 and its ligands (CCL19 and CCL21) were increased in the lymph node and CCR7 was increased in lymph node macrophages and dendritic cells. CCR2-deficient mice recapitulated the profound reduction in the number of resident (but not migratory dermal) dendritic cells in the lymph node but showed no alteration in the expression of CCL19 and CCL21. Collectively, these results suggest that the malnutrition-related reduction in the lymph node barrier to dissemination of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. donovani<\/jats:named-content>\n            is related to insufficient numbers of lymph node-resident but not migratory dermal dendritic cells. This is likely driven by the altered activity of the CCR2 and CCR7 chemoattractant pathways.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01778-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,13]],"date-time":"2014-05-13T08:27:20Z","timestamp":1399969640000},"page":"3098-3112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Deficiency of Lymph Node-Resident Dendritic Cells (DCs) and Dysregulation of DC Chemoattractants in a Malnourished Mouse Model of Leishmania donovani Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Marwa K.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"},{"name":"South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Yaneth","family":"Osorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory M.","family":"Anstead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Osterholzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, and the VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno L.","family":"Travi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema S.","family":"Ahuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"A. Clinton","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Melby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"WHO environmental burden of disease series","author":"Blossner M","year":"2005","unstructured":"BlossnerMde OnisM. 2005. 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