{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T11:18:09Z","timestamp":1790939889930,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]],"date-time":"2007-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>evades the antimicrobial mechanisms of macrophages by escaping from the phagosome into the cytosolic space via a unique cytolysin that targets the phagosomal membrane, listeriolysin O (LLO), encoded by<jats:italic>hly<\/jats:italic>. Gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3), which is known to play a pivotal role in the induction of Th1-dependent protective immunity in mice, appears to be produced, depending on the bacterial virulence factor. To determine whether the LLO molecule (the major virulence factor of<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>) is indispensable or the escape of bacteria from the phagosome is sufficient to induce IFN-\u03b3 production, we first constructed an<jats:italic>hly<\/jats:italic>-deleted mutant of<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>and then established isogenic<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>mutants expressing LLO or ivanolysin O (ILO), encoded by<jats:italic>ilo<\/jats:italic>from<jats:italic>Listeria ivanovii<\/jats:italic>. LLO-expressing<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>was highly capable of inducing IFN-\u03b3 production and<jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>-specific protective immunity, while the<jats:italic>hly<\/jats:italic>-deleted mutant was not. In contrast, the level of IFN-\u03b3 induced by ILO-expressing<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>was significantly lower both in vitro and in vivo, despite the ability of this strain to escape the phagosome and the intracellular multiplication at a level equivalent to that of LLO-expressing<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>. Only a negligible level of protective immunity was induced in mice against challenge with LLO- and ILO-expressing<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>. These results clearly show that escape of the bacterium from the phagosome is a prerequisite but is not sufficient for the IFN-\u03b3-dependent Th1 response against<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>, and some distinct molecular nature of LLO is indispensable for the final induction of IFN-\u03b3 that is essentially required to generate a Th1-dependent immune response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01779-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,22]],"date-time":"2007-05-22T16:39:04Z","timestamp":1179851944000},"page":"3791-3801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Cytolysin-Dependent Escape of the Bacterium from the Phagosome Is Required but Not Sufficient for Induction of the Th1 Immune Response against<i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>Infection: Distinct Role of Listeriolysin O Determined by Cytolysin Gene Replacement"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Hideki","family":"Hara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikuo","family":"Kawamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takamasa","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanari","family":"Tominaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohsuke","family":"Tsuchiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masao","family":"Mitsuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(99)00536-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.21.7404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01211.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2003.00304.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.57.8.2345-2349.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.9.5679"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.57.11.3629-3636.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0528.2002.017407.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5297","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.11.5297","volume":"158","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dai, W. 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