{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T14:10:52Z","timestamp":1761919852352},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Antigen-presenting cell (APC) plasticity is critical for controlling inflammation in metabolic diseases and infections. The roles that pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play in regulating APC phenotypes are just now being defined. We evaluated the expression of PRRs on APCs in mice infected with the helminth parasite\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:named-content>\n            and observed an upregulation of CD14 expression on macrophages. Schistosome-infected\n            <jats:italic>Cd14<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice showed significantly increased alternative activation of (M2) macrophages in the livers compared to infected wild-type (wt) mice. In addition, splenocytes from infected\n            <jats:italic>Cd14<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice exhibited increased production of CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            -specific interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13 and CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            Foxp3\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            IL-10\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            regulatory T cells compared to cells from infected wt mice.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. mansoni<\/jats:named-content>\n            -infected\n            <jats:italic>Cd14<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice also presented with smaller liver egg granulomas associated with increased collagen deposition compared to granulomas in infected wt mice. The highest expression of CD14 was found on liver macrophages in infected mice. To determine if the\n            <jats:italic>Cd14<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            phenotype was in part due to increased M2 macrophages, we adoptively transferred wt macrophages into\n            <jats:italic>Cd14<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice and normalized the M2 and CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            Th cell balance close to that observed in infected wt mice. Finally, we demonstrated that CD14 regulates STAT6 activation, as\n            <jats:italic>Cd14<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            mice had increased STAT6 activation\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            , suggesting that lack of CD14 impacts the IL-4R\u03b1-STAT6 pathway, altering macrophage polarization during parasite infection. Collectively, these data identify a previously unrecognized role for CD14 in regulating macrophage plasticity and CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cell biasing during helminth infection.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01780-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,28]],"date-time":"2014-05-28T06:43:50Z","timestamp":1401259430000},"page":"3240-3251","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["CD14 Influences Host Immune Responses and Alternative Activation of Macrophages during Schistosoma mansoni Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Smanla","family":"Tundup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamas","family":"Nagy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Harn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00187.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64607-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63218-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297912030030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132532"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri978"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M411223200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2010.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06618.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1207"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.09.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08118"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142735.im1901s103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1304046110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1106686"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000053658"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/096805101101532521"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.all.0000182542.30100.6f"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0305064101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"153","article-title":"Interleukin-10-mediated T cell apoptosis during the T helper type 2 cytokine response in murine Schistosoma mansoni parasite infection","volume":"8","author":"Estaquier J","year":"1997","unstructured":"EstaquierJMargueriteMSahucFBessisNAuriaultCAmeisenJC. 1997. 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