{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T15:26:08Z","timestamp":1770996368713,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Detection of antigen-specific CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells is facilitated by the use of fluorescently labeled soluble peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) multimers which mirror the antigen specificity of T-cell receptor recognition. We have used soluble peptide-MHC class II tetramers containing peptides from the protective antigen (PA) of<jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>to detect circulating T cells in peripheral blood of subjects vaccinated with an anthrax vaccine. PA-specific HLA class II-restricted T lymphocytes were isolated which displayed both TH1- and TH2-like characteristics, indicating heterogeneity of the lymphocyte lineage within the CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>response. Presentation of antigen to these T-cell clones by HLA-matched antigen-presenting cells exposed to the intact PA protein confirmed that the identified epitopes are indeed naturally processed by the human immune system. Specific tetramer-derived T-cell profiling may be useful for monitoring helper CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T-cell responses to anthrax vaccination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01814-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,6]],"date-time":"2007-02-06T01:36:04Z","timestamp":1170725764000},"page":"1852-1860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Antigen-Specific CD4<sup>+<\/sup>T Cells Recognize Epitopes of Protective Antigen following Vaccination with an Anthrax Vaccine"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Elsa M.","family":"Laughlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph D.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eddie","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitri","family":"Fillos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris C.","family":"Ibegbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Mittler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rama","family":"Akondy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafi","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Nepom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, Washington"},{"name":"University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/504943"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.125976"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200318509"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04233.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.7.4198"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2890","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.6.2890","volume":"152","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hill, C. M., A. Liu, K. W. Marshall, J. Mayer, B. Jorgensen, B. Yuan, R. M. Cubbon, E. A. Nichols, L. S. Wicker, and J. B. Rothbard. 1994. Exploration of requirements for peptide binding to HLA DRB1*0101 and DRB1*0401. J. Immunol.152:2890-2898.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.3.1218"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine. 2002. The anthrax vaccine. Is it safe? Does it work? Summary of the Committee to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of the Anthrax Vaccine. National Academies Press Washington DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.8.4559"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-04-1240"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0216204"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.8.5069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2003.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI8476"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.8.2358-2362.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1046-2023(02)00350-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.8.1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10772"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/9858"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119079"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2004.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.03.008"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00865-07","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]],"date-time":"2007-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188604800000}}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.01814-06","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.01814-06","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]],"date-time":"2024-02-10T19:33:06Z","timestamp":1707593586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.01814-06"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.01814-06"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.01814-06","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-11-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-01-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-04-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}