{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T22:32:58Z","timestamp":1792276378824,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1180656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Prior exposure of a vaccinee to certain species of environmental mycobacteria can prime the immune system against common mycobacterial antigens, which can in turn reduce the subsequent efficacy of live attenuated mycobacterial vaccines (such as\n            <jats:italic>Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:italic>\n            BCG), in both human and livestock vaccination programs. In this study, two strains of\n            <jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic>\n            , both isolated from New Zealand livestock, were investigated to determine their growth characteristics and effects on the immune system in murine models. Markedly different effects on the immune system were observed; an IS\n            <jats:italic>901<\/jats:italic>\n            -negative strain (WAg 207) induced significant up-regulation of cell surface activation markers (major histocompatibility complex II, CD80, and CD86) on in vitro-derived dendritic cells and induced the release of proinflammatory monokines (interleukin-1\u03b2 [IL-1\u03b2], IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) in dendritic cell-macrophage cocultures following direct in vitro contact of cells with bacteria. In contrast, an IS\n            <jats:italic>901<\/jats:italic>\n            -positive strain (WAg 206) had none of these effects. When mice were exposed to\n            <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n            via oral infection prior to BCG parenteral immunization, both strains were shown to be capable of decreasing subsequent antigen-stimulated gamma interferon secretion by splenic lymphocytes, although this effect was more significant for strain WAg 206. Both strains also induced a mycobacterial antigen-specific serological response in\n            <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n            -sensitized and BCG-immunized mice; this response was greater in WAg 206-sensitized mice, and there was a predominance of immunoglobulin G1 antibody. The down-regulation of IFN-\u03b3 responses and the up-regulation of antibody responses are characteristic of a switch to a type 2 immune response. The different results may be linked to the inherent growth characteristics of the two strains, since WAg 206 was shown to grow slowly in murine macrophages in vitro and to cause a persistent systemic infection following infection in vivo, while WAg 207 grew fast and did not persist in mice. The implications of these findings for BCG vaccination protocols are discussed.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01826-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,20]],"date-time":"2007-03-20T00:21:20Z","timestamp":1174350080000},"page":"2833-2840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Environmental Strains of\n            <i>Mycobacterium avium<\/i>\n            Interfere with Immune Responses Associated with\n            <i>Mycobacterium bovis<\/i>\n            BCG Vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Sarah L.","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Slobbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryce M.","family":"Buddle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AgResearch, Wallaceville Animal Research Centre, Upper Hutt, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geofferey W.","family":"de Lisle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AgResearch, Wallaceville Animal Research Centre, Upper Hutt, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn S.","family":"Buchan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology &amp; Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/322042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.6.3330-3341.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.2.672-678.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00436-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"145","volume":"44","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chihota, V. N., N. Z. Nyazema, S. Mashingaidze, and B. Mutandiro. 1998. TB infection: an exploratory study of BCG protective properties and the possible role of environmental mycobacteria. Cent. Afr. J. Med.44:145-148.","journal-title":"Cent. Afr. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2004.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.4.2190-2196.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"225","volume":"8","year":"1994","unstructured":"Falcone, V., E. B. Bassey, A. Toniolo, P. G. Conaldi, and F. M. Collins. 1994. Differential release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated with virulent and avirulent species of mycobacteria. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol.8:225-232.","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0171-2985(11)80364-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2003.01191.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.1996.tb00014.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1991.tb02157.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.9.2366-2372.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540151060743"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.7.4425"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2004.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.3.881-887.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"48","volume":"111","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sousa, A. O., S. Henry, F. M. Maroja, F. K. Lee, L. Brum, M. Singh, P. H. Lagrange, and P. Aucouturierm. 1998. IgG subclass distribution of antibody responses to protein and polysaccharide mycobacterial antigens in leprosy and tuberculosis patients. Clin. Exp. Immunol.111:48-55.","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1205702"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.25.14459"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.6.1553"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2004.02003.x"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.01826-06","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.01826-06","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T07:10:45Z","timestamp":1646464245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.01826-06"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.01826-06"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.01826-06","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-11-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-03-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-06-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}