{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T22:53:20Z","timestamp":1782946400152,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            We report here that animals can be protected against lethal infection by\n            <jats:italic>Clostridium tetani<\/jats:italic>\n            cells and\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            spores following topical application of intact particles of live or \u03b3-irradiated\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            vectors overproducing tetanus and anthrax antigens, respectively. Cutaneous \u03b3\u03b4T cells were rapidly recruited to the administration site. Live\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            cells were not found in nonskin tissues after topical application, although fragments of\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            DNA were disseminated transiently. Evidence suggested that intact\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            particles in the outer layer of skin may be disrupted by a \u03b3\u03b4T-cell-mediated innate defense mechanism, followed by the presentation of\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            ligand-adjuvanted intravector antigens to the immune system and rapid degradation of\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            components. The nonreplicating\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            vector overproducing an exogenous immunogen may foster the development of a new generation of vaccines that can be manufactured rapidly and administered noninvasively in a wide variety of disease settings.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01836-05","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,19]],"date-time":"2006-05-19T23:52:41Z","timestamp":1148082761000},"page":"3607-3617","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Topical Application of\n            <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n            -Vectored Vaccine as a Simple Method for Eliciting Protective Immunity"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaxin Inc., 2800 Milan Court, Birmingham, Alabama 35211"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongkai","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaxin Inc., 2800 Milan Court, Birmingham, Alabama 35211"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan-kun","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaxin Inc., 2800 Milan Court, Birmingham, Alabama 35211"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Jex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaxin Inc., 2800 Milan Court, Birmingham, Alabama 35211"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhigang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaxin Inc., 2800 Milan Court, Birmingham, Alabama 35211"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Watt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaxin Inc., 2800 Milan Court, Birmingham, Alabama 35211"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kent R.","family":"Van Kampen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaxin Inc., 2800 Milan Court, Birmingham, Alabama 35211"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"De-chu C.","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaxin Inc., 2800 Milan Court, Birmingham, Alabama 35211"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(78)90138-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1096158"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5331.1453"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301886"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110267"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.10.5741-5749.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"888","volume":"10","year":"1992","unstructured":"Chatfield, S. 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