{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:06:46Z","timestamp":1761581206546},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Using flow cytometry, we evaluated the frequencies of CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            and CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells and Foxp3\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            regulatory T cells (Tregs) in mononuclear cells in the jejunum, colon, and cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes of dogs naturally infected with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leishmania infantum<\/jats:named-content>\n            and in uninfected controls. All infected dogs showed chronic lymphadenitis and enteritis. Despite persistent parasite loads, no erosion or ulcers were evident in the epithelial mucosa. The colon harbored more parasites than the jejunum. Frequencies of total CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            , total Foxp3, and CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            Foxp3\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            cells were higher in the jejunum than in the colon. Despite negative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) serum results for cytokines, levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-\u03b2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) were higher in the jejunum than in the colon for infected dogs. However, IL-4 levels were higher in the colon than in the jejunum for infected dogs. There was no observed correlation between clinical signs and histopathological changes or immunological and parasitological findings in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of canines with visceral leishmaniasis. However, distinct segments of the GIT presented different immunological and parasitological responses. The jejunum showed a lower parasite load, with increased frequencies and expression of CD4, Foxp3, and CD8 receptors and IL-10, TGF-\u03b2, IFN-\u03b3, and TNF-\u03b1 cytokines. The colon showed a higher parasite load, with increasing expression of IL-4.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leishmania infantum<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection increased expression of CD4, Foxp3, IL-10, TGF-\u03b2, IFN-\u03b3, and TNF-\u03b1 and reduced CD8 and IL-4 expression in both the jejunum and the colon.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01862-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,17]],"date-time":"2014-06-17T02:44:12Z","timestamp":1402973052000},"page":"3704-3712","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Expression of Regulatory T Cells in Jejunum, Colon, and Cervical and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes of Dogs Naturally Infected with Leishmania infantum"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Maria M.","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Deoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Izabela F.","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aldair J. 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