{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T04:11:31Z","timestamp":1754107891884},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The primary causative agent of tick-borne relapsing fever in North America is\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia hermsii<\/jats:named-content>\n            . It has been hypothesized that\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. hermsii<\/jats:named-content>\n            evades complement-mediated destruction by binding factor H (FH), a host-derived negative regulator of complement.\n            <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. hermsii<\/jats:named-content>\n            produces a single FH binding protein designated FhbA (FH binding protein A). The properties and ligand binding activity of FhbA suggest that it plays multiple roles in pathogenesis. It binds plasminogen and has been identified as a significant target of a B1b B cell-mediated IgM response in mice. FhbA has also been explored as a potential diagnostic antigen for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. hermsii<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection in humans. The ability to test the hypothesis that FhbA is a critical virulence factor\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            has been hampered by the lack of well-developed systems for the genetic manipulation of the relapsing fever spirochetes. In this report, we have successfully generated a\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. hermsii<\/jats:named-content>\n            <jats:italic>fhbA<\/jats:italic>\n            deletion mutant (the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. hermsii<\/jats:named-content>\n            YOR\u0394\n            <jats:italic>fhbA<\/jats:italic>\n            strain) through allelic exchange mutagenesis. Deletion of\n            <jats:italic>fhbA<\/jats:italic>\n            abolished FH binding by the YOR\u0394\n            <jats:italic>fhbA<\/jats:italic>\n            strain and eliminated cleavage of C3b on the cell surface. However, the YOR\u0394\n            <jats:italic>fhbA<\/jats:italic>\n            strain remained infectious in mice and retained resistance to killing\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            by human complement. Collectively, these results indicate that\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. hermsii<\/jats:named-content>\n            employs an FhbA\/FH-independent mechanism of complement evasion that allows for resistance to killing by human complement and persistence in mice.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01892-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,28]],"date-time":"2014-05-28T06:43:50Z","timestamp":1401259430000},"page":"3324-3332","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Borrelia hermsii Factor H Binding Protein FhbA Is Not Required for Infectivity in Mice or for Resistance to Human Complement\n            <i>In Vitro<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Lindy M.","family":"Fine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine L.","family":"Mallory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brittney K.","family":"Tegels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Earnhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard T.","family":"Marconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA"},{"name":"Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.50.4.381-400.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"542","article-title":"Tick-borne relapsing fever in Tanzania\u2014a forgotten problem?","volume":"69","author":"Cutler S","year":"2003","unstructured":"CutlerSTalbertA. 2003. 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