{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T16:39:47Z","timestamp":1793723987517,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study demonstrates a strict temporal requirement for a virulence determinant of the Lyme disease spirochete\n                    <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    during a unique point in its natural infection cycle, which alternates between ticks and small mammals. OspC is a major surface protein produced by\n                    <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    when infected ticks feed but whose synthesis decreases after transmission to a mammalian host. We have previously shown that spirochetes lacking OspC are competent to replicate in and migrate to the salivary glands of the tick vector but do not infect mice. Here we assessed the timing of the requirement for OspC by using an\n                    <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant complemented with an unstable copy of the\n                    <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene and show that\n                    <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    's requirement for OspC is specific to the mammal and limited to a critical early stage of mammalian infection. By using this unique system, we found that most bacterial reisolates from mice persistently infected with the initially complemented\n                    <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant strain no longer carried the wild-type copy of\n                    <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Such spirochetes were acquired by feeding ticks and migrated to the tick salivary glands during subsequent feeding. Despite normal behavior in ticks, these\n                    <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant spirochetes did not infect naive mice.\n                    <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant spirochetes from persistently infected mice also failed to infect naive mice by tissue transplantation. We conclude that OspC is indispensable for establishing infection by\n                    <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    in mammals but is not required at any other point of the mouse-tick infection cycle.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01950-05","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,19]],"date-time":"2006-05-19T19:52:41Z","timestamp":1148068361000},"page":"3554-3564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":296,"title":["<i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>\n                    OspC Protein Required Exclusively in a Crucial Early Stage of Mammalian Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Kit","family":"Tilly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens, and Research Technologies Section, Microscopy Unit, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 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