{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:14:49Z","timestamp":1792678489660,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,1]],"date-time":"2007-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Adherence of uropathogenic\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            to host tissue is required for infection and is mediated by fimbriae, such as pyelonephritis-associated pili (Pap). Expression of P fimbriae is regulated by phase variation, and to date, phase transition frequencies have been measured only for\n            <jats:italic>pap<\/jats:italic>\n            regulatory region constructs integrated into the\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            K-12 chromosome. The aim of this work was to measure P phase transition frequencies in clinical isolates for the first time, including frequencies for the sequenced strain\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            CFT073. P fimbriation and associated phase transition frequencies were measured for two\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            clinical isolates and compared with levels for homologous\n            <jats:italic>pap<\/jats:italic>\n            constructs in\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            K-12. Fimbriation and off-to-on transition frequencies were always higher in the clinical isolate. It was concluded that the regulatory inputs controlling\n            <jats:italic>papI<\/jats:italic>\n            expression are likely to be different in\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            CFT073 and\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            K-12 as (i) phase variation could be stimulated in\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            K-12 by induction of\n            <jats:italic>papI<\/jats:italic>\n            and (ii) the level of expression of a\n            <jats:italic>papI<\/jats:italic>\n            ::\n            <jats:italic>gfp<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>\n              <jats:italic>+<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:sup>\n            fusion was higher in\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            CFT073 than in\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            K-12. Furthermore, phase transition frequencies for the two\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            CFT073\n            <jats:italic>pap<\/jats:italic>\n            clusters were shown to be different depending on the culture conditions, indicating that there is a hierarchy of expression depending on signal inputs.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01989-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,24]],"date-time":"2007-04-24T15:47:50Z","timestamp":1177429670000},"page":"3325-3334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Regulation of P-Fimbrial Phase Variation Frequencies in\n            <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n            CFT073"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Nicola","family":"Holden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Diseases, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Chancellor's Building, 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