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We examined the capacities of wild-type (WT) mice, TNF<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice, and memTNF mice, which express only transmembrane TNF, to control primary and secondary<jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>infections. Soluble TNF was not required for induction or maintenance of protective immunity against a low-dose (200-CFU)<jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>infection. In contrast to TNF<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice, both WT and memTNF mice cleared the bacilli within 10 days and were fully protected against rechallenge with a lethal infective dose. Furthermore, T cells transferred from immune mice, but not from nai\u0308ve, WT, and memTNF mice, protected TNF<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>recipients against an otherwise lethal infection. By contrast, infection with a higher dose of<jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>(2,000 CFU) clearly demonstrated that solTNF is required to coordinate an optimal protective inflammatory response. memTNF mice were more susceptible to a high-dose infection, and they exhibited delayed bacterial clearance, increased inflammation, and necrosis in the liver that resulted in 55% mortality. The dysregulated inflammation was accompanied by prolonged elevated expression of mRNAs for several chemokines as well as the macrophage effector molecules inducible nitric oxide synthase and LRG-47 in the livers of memTNF mice but not in the livers of WT mice. These data demonstrated that memTNF is sufficient for establishing protective immunity against a primary low-dose<jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>infection but that solTNF is required for optimal control of cellular inflammation and resistance to a primary high-dose infection. By contrast, memTNF alone is sufficient for resolution of a secondary, high-dose infection and for the transfer of protective immunity with memory T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.02004-05","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,19]],"date-time":"2006-05-19T23:52:41Z","timestamp":1148082761000},"page":"3180-3189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["DifferentialRequirements for Soluble and Transmembrane Tumor Necrosis Factor in theImmunological Control of Primary and Secondary<i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Korana","family":"Musicki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Locked Bag No. 6, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Briscoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Locked Bag No. 6, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warwick J.","family":"Britton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Locked Bag No. 6, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette M.","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Locked Bag No. 6, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1997.tb01000.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1D151"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.5.2122-2127.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.2.181"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.4.1836","volume":"152","year":"1994","unstructured":"Czuprynski, C. 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