{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:34:25Z","timestamp":1792640065197,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The golden hamster (\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mesocricetus auratus<\/jats:named-content>\n            ) is a susceptible model to\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leishmania<\/jats:named-content>\n            (\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Viannia<\/jats:named-content>\n            ) spp.; however, available studies employ different infection protocols, which account for clinical and pathological presentation differences. Herein,\n            <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n            . (\n            <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n            .)\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">braziliensis<\/jats:named-content>\n            preparations were standardized to contain 10\n            <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n            , 10\n            <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n            , or 10\n            <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n            parasites to determine an optimal inoculum that ensured cutaneous lesions without causing a disseminated infection in hamsters. Lesion development was followed for 105 days by size measurements, and skin, draining lymph node, spleen, and sera were investigated to check parasite load, spleen visceralization, cytokine expression, histopathological changes, and anti-\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leishmania<\/jats:named-content>\n            IgG levels. The lesion emergence time was inversely proportional to the parasite concentration in the inocula. Animals infected by 10\n            <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n            parasites presented nodular lesions, while those infected with 10\n            <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n            parasites often exhibited ulcerated lesions. The differences in the final lesion sizes were observed between 10\n            <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n            and 10\n            <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n            inocula or 10\n            <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n            and 10\n            <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n            inocula. High\n            <jats:italic>IFNG<\/jats:italic>\n            expression, anti-\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leishmania<\/jats:named-content>\n            IgG levels, and parasite load occurred independently of the inoculum used. A mild inflammatory skin involvement was observed in animals infected with 10\n            <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n            parasites, while extensive tissue damage and parasite spleen visceralization occurred with 10\n            <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n            and 10\n            <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n            parasites. These results indicate that inocula with different concentrations of parasites generate differences in the time of lesion emergence, clinical presentation, and systemic commitment, despite high and similar\n            <jats:italic>IFNG<\/jats:italic>\n            expression and parasite load. This suggests that a modulation in the immune response to different parasite numbers occurs in an early phase of the infection, which could dictate the establishment and magnitude of the chronic phase of the disease.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.02083-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,7]],"date-time":"2014-10-07T07:41:35Z","timestamp":1412667695000},"page":"5203-5213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of Lesion Development, Tissue Damage, and Cytokine Expression in Golden Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) Infected by Inocula with Different Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Concentrations"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Raquel P.","family":"Ribeiro-Rom\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas M\u00e9dicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ\/RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Otac\u00edlio C.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Molecular e Doen\u00e7as End\u00eamicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ\/RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvia Yaneth","family":"Osorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Cysne-Finkelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ\/RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Gomes-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas M\u00e9dicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ\/RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna G.","family":"Valverde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas M\u00e9dicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ\/RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Pirmez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas M\u00e9dicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ\/RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alda Maria","family":"Da-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas M\u00e9dicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ\/RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Fonseca","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas M\u00e9dicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ\/RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.1.508-514.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"70","article-title":"Clinical modalities, diagnosis and therapeutic approach of the tegumentary leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"79","author":"Costa JM","year":"2009","unstructured":"CostaJMSaldanhaACNascimentoDSampaioGCarneiroFLisboaESilvaMLBarralA. 2009. 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