{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T20:56:52Z","timestamp":1779310612476,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>is a versatile bacterial pathogen that produces T cell-activating toxins known as superantigens (SAgs). Although excessive immune activation by SAgs can induce a dysregulated cytokine storm as a component of what is known as toxic shock syndrome (TSS), the contribution of SAgs to the staphylococcal infection process is not well defined. Here, we evaluated the role of the bacterial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) in a bacteremia model using humanized transgenic mice expressing SAg-responsive HLA-DR4 molecules. Infection with<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>Newman induced SEA-dependent V\u03b2 skewing of T cells and enhanced bacterial survival in the liver compared with infection by<jats:italic>sea<\/jats:italic>knockout strain. SEA-induced gamma interferon, interleukin-12, and chemokine responses resulted in increased infiltration of CD11b<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Ly6G<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>neutrophils into the liver, promoting the formation of abscesses that contained large numbers of viable staphylococci. Hepatic abscesses occurred significantly more frequently in<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>Newman-infected livers than in livers infected with the Newman<jats:italic>sea<\/jats:italic>knockout strain, promoting the survival of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content><jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. This represents a novel mechanism during infection whereby<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>utilizes SAgs to form a specialized niche and manipulate the immune system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.02110-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,10]],"date-time":"2014-06-10T03:24:29Z","timestamp":1402370669000},"page":"3588-3598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Superantigens Subvert the Neutrophil Response To Promote Abscess Formation and Enhance Staphylococcus aureus Survival<i>In Vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Stacey X.","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin J.","family":"Gilmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter A.","family":"Szabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph J.","family":"Zeppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miren L.","family":"Baroja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Canada"},{"name":"Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. M. Mansour","family":"Haeryfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Human Immunology, Western University, London, Canada"},{"name":"Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John K.","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Canada"},{"name":"Centre for Human Immunology, Western University, London, Canada"},{"name":"Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2007.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1308.061575"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808203390806"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.1.16-34.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0702.010204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00081-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1289"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-092412-155746"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.6.819"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.55.1.77"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/368711a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7997880"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00092-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.13.3306"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/384188a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80646-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0200209"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.189068"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2007.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2185544"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.4.1067-1069.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.1.94"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2000.00973.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2008.00384.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit421"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002271"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00494-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/657156"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/gzs094"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00104-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/150.5.662"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-007-9072-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00204-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/598189"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.6.2635"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm091"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.11.6887-6891.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(95)00652-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.12.7851-7857.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2007.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.12.8595"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2011.90"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830260518"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/340828"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01000-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.12.5421-5425.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.7.2473","article-title":"Stimulation of B10.BR T cells with superantigenic staphylococcal toxins","volume":"144","author":"Callahan JE","year":"1990","unstructured":"CallahanJEHermanAKapplerJWMarrackP. 1990. Stimulation of B10.BR T cells with superantigenic staphylococcal toxins. J. Immunol. 144:2473\u20132479.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","first-page":"520","article-title":"Immunopharmacology of the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin A in T-cell receptor V beta 3 transgenic mice","volume":"79","author":"Dohlsten M","year":"1993","unstructured":"DohlstenMBjorklundMSundstedtAHedlundGSamsonDKallandT. 1993. Immunopharmacology of the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin A in T-cell receptor V beta 3 transgenic mice. Immunology 79:520\u2013527.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.2.747"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-135467"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2011.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","first-page":"526","article-title":"Micrococcus poisoning","volume":"16","author":"Ogston A","year":"1882","unstructured":"OgstonA. 1882. Micrococcus poisoning. J. Anat. Physiol. 16:526\u2013567.","journal-title":"J. Anat. Physiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2011.01.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pch\/16.2.115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3523"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1965"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.1998.00643.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.90385.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/11.9.1403"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.130.5.2203","article-title":"The fate of interleukin-2 after in vivo administration","volume":"130","author":"Donohue JH","year":"1983","unstructured":"DonohueJHRosenbergSA. 1983. The fate of interleukin-2 after in vivo administration. J. Immunol. 130:2203\u20132208.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830121117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.2.1323"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.3.1204","article-title":"Induction of acute inflammation in vivo by staphylococcal superantigens. II. Critical role for chemokines, ICAM-1, and TNF-alpha","volume":"161","author":"Tessier PA","year":"1998","unstructured":"TessierPANaccachePHDienerKRGladueRPNeoteKSClark-LewisIMcCollSR. 1998. Induction of acute inflammation in vivo by staphylococcal superantigens. II. Critical role for chemokines, ICAM-1, and TNF-alpha. J. Immunol. 161:1204\u20131211.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.7.2517-2521.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2008.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.7.3713"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2005.25.103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.4.1310-1315.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00709.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.11.6994"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1235"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2005.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00222-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-4310(99)01657-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/148.4.692"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00329-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.172.4.1091"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.190.1.53"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5930","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.11.5930","article-title":"In vivo anergized CD4+ T cells have defective expression and function of the activating protein-1 transcription factor","volume":"161","author":"Sundstedt A","year":"1998","unstructured":"SundstedtADohlstenM. 1998. In vivo anergized CD4+ T cells have defective expression and function of the activating protein-1 transcription factor. J. Immunol. 161:5930\u20135936.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2012.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830210827"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.6.2283"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.21.12839"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0161-5890(96)84615-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.11.6056"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-6-1-2-95"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(67)90105-5"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.02110-14","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.02110-14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,14]],"date-time":"2023-07-14T04:21:03Z","timestamp":1689308463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.02110-14"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"S. R.","family":"Blanke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.02110-14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.02110-14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-05-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-06-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-08-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}