{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T14:01:51Z","timestamp":1758636111690},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Serial blood passage of virulent\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Babesia bovis<\/jats:named-content>\n            in splenectomized cattle results in attenuated derivatives that do not cause neurologic disease. Tick transmissibility can be lost with attenuation, but when retained, attenuated\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. bovis<\/jats:named-content>\n            can revert to virulence following tick passage. This study provides data showing that tick passage of the partially attenuated\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. bovis<\/jats:named-content>\n            T2Bo derivative strain further decreased virulence compared with intravenous inoculation of the same strain in infected animals. Ticks that acquired virulent or attenuated parasites by feeding on infected cattle were transmission fed on naive, splenectomized animals. While there was no significant difference between groups in the number of parasites in the midgut, hemolymph, or eggs of replete female ticks after acquisition feeding, animals infected with the attenuated parasites after tick transmission showed no clinical signs of babesiosis, unlike those receiving intravenous challenge with the same attenuated strain prior to tick passage. Additionally, there were significantly fewer parasites in blood and tissues of animals infected with tick-passaged attenuated parasites. Sequencing analysis of select\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. bovis<\/jats:named-content>\n            genes before and after tick passage showed significant differences in parasite genotypes in both peripheral blood and cerebral samples. These results provide evidence that not only is tick transmissibility retained by the attenuated T2Bo strain, but also it results in enhanced attenuation and is accompanied by expansion of parasite subpopulations during tick passage that may be associated with the change in disease phenotype.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.02126-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,12]],"date-time":"2014-08-12T04:05:46Z","timestamp":1407816346000},"page":"4426-4434","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Tick Passage Results in Enhanced Attenuation of Babesia bovis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Kerry S.","family":"Sondgeroth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terry F.","family":"McElwain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massaro W.","family":"Ueti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glen A.","family":"Scoles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn E.","family":"Reif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audrey O. T.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(97)00034-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588602300503"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050691"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00766-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(79)90083-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-181"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(90)90124-U"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.58.7.2171-2176.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1997.tb14197.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.9.5388-5394.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00093"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-410"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1966.tb04715.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","volume-title":"Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals","author":"National Research Council","year":"2011","unstructured":"National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington, DC.","edition":"8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-2-57"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030148"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11046.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01757-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12231"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.02126-14","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.02126-14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T12:33:28Z","timestamp":1646483608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.02126-14"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"J. H.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.02126-14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.02126-14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-05-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-08-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-09-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}