{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T13:24:23Z","timestamp":1758893063169},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]],"date-time":"2014-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414800000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Pneumonia caused by\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            is a major cause of death and an economic burden worldwide.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            is an intermittent colonizer of the human upper respiratory tract, and the ability to control asymptomatic colonization determines the likelihood of developing invasive disease. Recognition of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            by resident macrophages via Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) and the macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) and the presence of interleukin-17 (IL-17)-secreting CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells are required for macrophage recruitment and bacterial clearance. Despite the fact that the primary cellular effectors needed for bacterial clearance have been identified, much of the underlying regulatory mechanisms are unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that the small, noncoding RNA microRNA-155 (mir-155) is critical for the effective clearance of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Our studies show that mir-155-deficient mice maintain the ability to prevent acute invasive pneumococcal infection but have significantly higher bacterial burdens following colonization, independently of macrophage recognition by TLR-2, MARCO expression, or bactericidal capacity. The observed defects in bacterial clearance parallel reduced IL-17A and gamma interferon CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T-cell responses\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            , lower IL-17A mRNA levels in the nasopharynx, and a reduced capacity to induce Th17 cell polarization. Given that knockout mice are also limited in the capacity to generate high-titer\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            -specific antibodies, we conclude that mir-155 is a critical mediator of the cellular effectors needed to clear primary and secondary\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            colonizations.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.02251-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,26]],"date-time":"2014-08-26T03:35:50Z","timestamp":1409024150000},"page":"4824-4833","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["MicroRNA-155 Is Required for Clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae from the Nasopharynx"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Chris P.","family":"Verschoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Dorrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyle E.","family":"Novakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Radford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, St. Joseph's Healthcare and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parameswaran","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, St. Joseph's Healthcare and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Varun","family":"Anipindi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charu","family":"Kaushic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Surette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawn M. E.","family":"Bowdish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-013-0462-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025558"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/503805"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2011.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000159"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI36731"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.10.5807-5813.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2009.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.17.3.1490"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.10316"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500613102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1116125109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000491"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit177"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008508"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2012.01827.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046082"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003952"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101772"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI57762"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxn071"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2010.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/512617"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132612"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100381"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.11.7718-7726.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1203274"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.06597-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901942"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201141737"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.924886"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300351"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/Y09-135"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2013.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.4.1246"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI57761"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199907000-00016"}],"container-title":["Infection and Immunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.02251-14","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/IAI.02251-14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T12:34:42Z","timestamp":1646483682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/IAI.02251-14"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"A.","family":"Camilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/IAI.02251-14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.02251-14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-9567","1098-5522"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-9567","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5522","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-06-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-08-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-10-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}