{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T23:09:41Z","timestamp":1792710581753,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infect Immun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Indwelling urinary catheters are commonly used in the management of hospitalized patients.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candida<\/jats:named-content>\n            can adhere to the device surface and propagate as a biofilm. These\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candida<\/jats:named-content>\n            biofilm communities differ from free-floating\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candida<\/jats:named-content>\n            , exhibiting high tolerance to antifungal therapy. The significance of catheter-associated candiduria is often unclear, and treatment may be problematic considering the biofilm drug-resistant phenotype. Here we describe a rodent model for the study of urinary catheter-associated\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candida albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            biofilm infection that mimics this common process in patients. In the setting of a functioning, indwelling urinary catheter in a rat,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candida<\/jats:named-content>\n            proliferated as a biofilm on the device surface. Characteristic biofilm architecture was observed, including adherent, filamentous cells embedded in an extracellular matrix. Similar to what occurs in human patients, animals with this infection developed candiduria and pyuria. Infection progressed to cystitis, and a biofilmlike covering was observed over the bladder surface. Furthermore, large numbers of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n            cells were dispersed into the urine from either the catheter or bladder wall biofilm over the infection period. We successfully utilized the model to test the efficacy of antifungals, analyze transcriptional patterns, and examine the phenotype of a genetic mutant. The model should be useful for future investigations involving the pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, prevention, and drug resistance of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candida<\/jats:named-content>\n            biofilms in the urinary tract.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.02284-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,3]],"date-time":"2014-09-03T12:51:37Z","timestamp":1409748697000},"page":"4931-4940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Rat Indwelling Urinary Catheter Model of Candida albicans Biofilm Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Jeniel E.","family":"Nett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Marchillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Andes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 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